Hem Onc Flashcards
fetal erythropoeisis sites
yolk sac (3 to 8 wks)
Liver (6 wks to birth)
spleen (10 to 28 wks)
bone marrow (18 wks to adult)
Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Fetal hemoglobin
HbF
A2G2
Adult hemoglobin
A2B2
HbA
HbA2
adult hemoglobin present in small amounts
A2D2
hemoglobin electrophoresis results
A Fat Santa Claus cant go far
(descending order of farthest) (farthest meaning closer to anode)
HbA
HbF
HbS
HbC
coombs test use
detect Ab against RBCs
Direct Coombs test done for
AIHA
direct coombs test mech
patient blood + anti human globins (coombs reagent)
agglutinatn present- AIHA
agglutinatn abs- AIHA no
indirect coombs test done for
pretransfusion testing
indirect coombs test mech
patient blood + coombs reagent + donor blood
agglutinatn- reaction present
no agglutinatn- rxn absent
hemoglobin made up of
heme + globin
heme made up of
iron + protoporphyrin
Etiologies of microcytic anemia
iron def
thalassemia
chronic ds
sideroblastic anemia
tibc measures
transferrin levels
ferritin tibc trend
inversely prop
treatment of IDA
FeSO4
rule out risk factors
m/c anemia in hosp pt
anemia of chronic ds
pathophysio of anemia of chronic ds
acute phase prot formed
hepcidin formed
hepcidin functns-
- dec erythropeitin prodcutn
- inc sequestering of Fe to macrophages (as Fe is reqd by bacteria)
sideroblastic anemia cause
low synth of protoporphyrin
ringed sideroblast cause
as there is low protoporphyrin
Fe is trapped in mitochondria, which forms a ring around nucleus
lead poisoning denatures which enzymes
ALA-D and ferrochelatase
vit b6 def affects which enzyme
ALA-S
which drug causes vit B6 def
isoniazid
rx for sideroblastic anemia
pyridoxine (vit B6)
dohle bodies
found in neutrophils
they are peripheral inclusions
neutrophil chemotactic agents
c5a, il-8, ltb4, 5-hete, kallikiren, platelet activating factor, n-formylmethionine (bacterial proteins)
tear drop cells seen in
myelofibrosis
bite cells seen in
g6pd def due to removal of heinz bodies
target cells found in
HALT
hbc ds
asplenia
liver ds
thalassemia
howell jolly bodies what are they and where are they seen
sickle cell ds
basophilic nuclear remnants
basophilic stippling seen in
sideroblastic anemia
fanconi anemia
dna repair defect leading to bone marrow failure
acute intermittent porphyria affected enzyme
porphobillinogen deaminase
porphyria cutanea tarda affected enzyme
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
adult t cell lymphoma cause
htlv
treatment for heparin induced thrombocytopenia
stop heparin
use alt anticoagulant (argatroban)
if pt has renal insufficiency, what kind of heparin is used
unfractioned heparin
warfarin reversal
vitamin k
give ffp or pcc for rapid reversal
factor 2 inhibitors
bivalirudin
argatroban
dabigatran
factor 2 inhibitors reversor
ida-ruci-zumab
factor 10a inhibitors
apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban
factor 10a inh reversor
andexanet alfa
eptifibatide, tirofiban moa, use
block FIB-rinogen receptor (gp2b/3a), unstable angina
cilostazol, dipyridamole moa, use
block phosphodiesterase, used in stroke prevention
thrombolytics names
alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase
thrombolytics moa
aid onversion to plasminogen to plasmin which inhibits cleaves thrombin and fibrin
