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DIT Hematology > Hem 0 > Flashcards

Hem 0 Flashcards

1
Q

What personality disorder Is characterized by Excessive need to be taken care of, submissive and clinging behavior?

A

Dependent.

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2
Q

What personality disorder Is characterized by low self-confidence, fears of separation and losing support?

A

Dependent.

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3
Q

What personality disorder Is characterized by grandiosity, feels he is entitled to things, lack of empathy?

A

Narcissistic.

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4
Q

What personality disorder Is characterized by suicide attempts (15% mortality), unstable mood and behavior?

A

Borderline personality disorder.

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5
Q

What is the WAGR complex?

A

Things you can see w/ a Wilm’s tumor of early childhood. WARG: Wilm’s tumor, Aniridia, Retardation (mental and motor), Genitourinary malformations.

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6
Q

What changes in a basic metabolic panel might you expect in a young patient being treated for status asthmaticus?

A

They are going to be on meds. They are going to be on beta-agonists, which shift potassium into the cell, and cause Hypokalemia.

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7
Q

A 15 y.o girl of normal height and weight for her age has enlarged parotid glands but no other complaints. The mother confides that she found laxatives in the daughter’s closet. What is the diagnosis?

A

Bulimia nervosa.

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8
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with IF: granular patter of immune complex deposition; LM: diffuse capillary thickening?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis.

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9
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hypercellular glomeruli?

A

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

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10
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition.

A

Goodpasture syndrome.

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11
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 in the mesangium?

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

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12
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance>

A

Membrenoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

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13
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with nephritis, deafness, cataracts?

A

Alport syndrome.

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14
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with LM: crescent formation in the glomeruli?

A

Rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis.

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15
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

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16
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with purpura on back of arms and legs, abdominal pain, and IgA nephropathy?

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

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17
Q

Which glomerular disease would you suspect in a patient with EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial deposits?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis.

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18
Q

How many ATP are generated during aerobic metabolism? During anaerobic metabolism?

A

Aerobic: if use malate shuttle: 32 ATP; if use G-3-P shuttle: 30 ATP. Anaerobic: 2 ATP + lactate molecule

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19
Q

What is the name of the genetic syndrome that is caused by Absence of HGPRTase?

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

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20
Q

What is the name of the genetic syndrome that is caused by deficiency of aldolase B?

A

Fructose intolerance.

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21
Q

What is the name of the genetic syndrome that is caused by deficiency of cystathionine synthase?

A

Homocystinuria.

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22
Q

What is the name of the genetic syndrome that is caused by galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency resulting in intellectual disability, hepatosplenomegaly, and cataracts?

A

Galactosemia.

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23
Q

What is the name of the genetic syndrome that is caused by deficiency of tyrosinase?

A

Albinism.

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24
Q

Which ego defense mechanism is used in Involuntary withholding of a feeling from conscious awareness?

A

Repression.

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25
Q

Which ego defense mechanism is used by a veteran that can describe horrific war details w/o any emotions?

A

Isolation (isolation of affect).

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26
Q

Which ego defense mechanism is used by a child abuser was himself abused as a child?

A

Identification.

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27
Q

Which ego defense mechanism is used that underlies all other ego defense mechanism?

A

Repression.

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28
Q

Which ego defense mechanism may lead to multiple personalities?

A

Dissociation.

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29
Q

Which ego defense mechanism is used in adult whining, bedwetting, crying?

A

Regression.

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30
Q

What is Potter syndrome?

A

Bilateral renal agenesis due to malformation of the ureteric bud. This causes oligohydramnios, leading to limb deformities, facial deformities, and pulmonary hypoplasia.

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31
Q

What is the difference b/w kwashiorkor and marasmus?

A

Kwashiorkor: not enough proteins but sufficient calories; skin lesions, edema, and liver malfunction. Marasmus: Not enough of everything; tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat.

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32
Q

What vitamins should vegetarians supplement in their diet?

A

Vitamin B12 more than anything.

33
Q

In which glomerular disease would you expect to find Anti-GBM antibodies (immunofluorescence)?

A

Goodpasture syndrome.

34
Q

In which glomerular disease would you expect to find Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions (LM)?

A

Diabetic nephropathy.

35
Q

In which glomerular disease would you expect to find “Spike and dome” appearance (EM)?

A

Membranous glomerunephritis.

36
Q

In which glomerular disease would you expect to find “tram-track” appearance of subendothelial humps (EM)?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN).

37
Q

In which glomerular disease would you expect to find subepithelial humps?

A

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

38
Q

How does hexokinase differ from glucokinase?

A

Hexokinase is found everywhere, glucokinase is only found in liver and the beta cells of pancreas. Insulin does not induce hexokinase, but it does induce glucokinase. Hexokinase has a low Km and a low Vmax. Glucokinase has a high Km and a high Vmax.

39
Q

What substrate and cofactor are required for the generation of GABA?

A

Glutamate. Cofactor needed is vitamin B6.

40
Q

What medication inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase? Which one inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

Fomepizole inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase. Disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

41
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

A

Carnitine acyltransferase 1 (CAT-1).

42
Q

What co-factors are required for the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase? What other enzymes requires the same co-factor?

A

[Tender Loving Care For No One] Thiamine pyrophosphate, Lipoic acid, Coenzyme A, FAD, NAD. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase requires the same.

43
Q

What is the result of glycolytic enzyme deficiency? What is the result of a deficiency in pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A

Glycolytic enzyme deficiency: RBC hemolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase: Neurologic defects.

44
Q

An alcoholic develops a rash, diarrhea, and altered mental status. What is the vitamin deficiency?

A

B3 (niacin) deficiency; pellagra.

45
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: Hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hyperaldosteronism.

46
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

A

B symptoms of lymphoma. TB

47
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: adrenal hemorrhage due to meningococcemia.

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.

48
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: blue sclerae.

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta.

49
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility.

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome; a bilateral amygdala lesion.

50
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech.

A

Charcot triad of multiple sclerosis.

51
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: lower extremity purpura, arthralgias, and renal disease.

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

52
Q

A woman commonly develops intense muscle cramps and darkening of her urine after exercise. What is her diagnosis?

A

McArdle disease.

53
Q

What personality disorder fits the following statement: Sense of emptiness and loneliness, impulsiveness.

A

Borderline personality disorder.

54
Q

What personality disorder fits the following statement: odd appearance, thoughts, and behavior; no psychosis; social awkwardness.

A

Schizotypal.

55
Q

What personality disorder fits the following statement: Controlling, perfectionist, orderly, stubborn, indecisive.

A

Obsessive-compulsive.

56
Q

What personality disorder fits the following statement: criminality, unable to conform to social norms, disregard for others’ rights.

A

Antisocial.

57
Q

What substances are well know for causing hemolytic anemia in patients w/ G6PD deficiency?

A

The things that cause oxidative stress: Fava beans, sulfa drugs, primaquine, INH, high-dose ASA, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, dapsone, and naphthalene.

58
Q

A 2 y.o girl has an increase in abdominal girth, failure to thrive, and skin/hair depigmentation. What is her diagnosis?

A

Kwashiorkor.

59
Q

What enzyme is deficient in Fructose intolerance?

A

Aldolase B.

60
Q

What enzyme is deficient in Essential fructosuria?

A

Fructokinase.

61
Q

What enzyme is deficient in classic galactosemia?

A

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase.

62
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: Thyroid cells w/ optically clear nuclei.

A

“Orphan Annie” nuclei. Seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

63
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: anemia w/ hypersegmented neutrophils.

A

Megaloblastic anemia of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency.

64
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: Branching rods on oral infection.

A

Actinomyces israelii.

65
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia.

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

66
Q

What pathology is associated with the following high-yield phrase: Hemosiderinuira + thrombosis.

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

67
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: Focal myocardial inflammation w/ multinucleated giant cells.

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever).

68
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules in liver near nucleus.

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease).

69
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum.

A

Curschmann’s spiral (bronchial asthma).

70
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: “Onion-skin” periosteal reaction.

A

Ewing sarcoma of bone.

71
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement.

A

Glioblastoma.

72
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?

A

Glioblastoma.

73
Q

What pathology is associated with the following statement: elevated serum uric acid.

A

Gout. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Myloproliferative disease. Diuretics.

74
Q

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

A

Delta G = Delta H - T Delta S. H= energy/enthalpy (heat change in constant pressure rxn). S = entropy.

75
Q

What genetic syndrome fits the following description: decreased NADPH due to lack of HMP enzyme.

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

76
Q

What genetic syndrome fits the following description: inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter.

A

Cystinuria.

77
Q

What genetic syndrome fits the following description: deficiency in homogentisic acid oxidase?

A

Alkaptonuria.

78
Q

What genetic syndrome fits the following description: blocked degradation of branched chain amino acids.

A

Maple syrup urine disease.

DIT Hematology (11 decks)

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