Helping people with Visual Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

What to say when seeing a px

A
  • What is causing the sight loss
  • Which eye disease ?
  • How long have they had it ?
  • What difficulties do they have?
  • What do they want help with?
  • What help have they received to date?
  • History taking - how long condition
  • Any struggles/difficulties - how to help them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What else to ask px

A

What can px see - SVD/SVI/SVN - objective measurement of what they can see
- Measure each eye individually then both eyes together
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the problem with SVD chart

A

Its all 100% contrast - black on white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What chart is used to measure contrast sensitivity

A

Penny Robson chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is contrast sensitivity

A

How well they can see at different contrasts - top = dark, bottom = light i.e. letters are faded out
- Letter sizes are constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eyecare journey

A
Each person with a visual impairment goes on their own “Eyecare journey”
Journey is never ending
There are journeys within the journey
“Eyecare” implies focusing on health
Journey is often very difficult
What can be done to make it easier?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 B’s to help px’s

A

Bigger
Brighter
Bolder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the 3 B’s help

A
Bigger = read print more easily - bring closer
Brighter = dark room - see things
-Bolder = easier to read
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to make things bigger

A

Doubling the size of an object gives X2 magnification
Move closer
Half the distance will make things twice the size
Use magnifiers
Use large print
Try adapted equipment e.g. large faced clocks and watches
Try larger TV screens
Try large labels and notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to make things bolder

A
Use colour and tone contrast
Try a bold font when using a PC
Try white crockery on a dark tablecloth
Try white cups for tea and coffee
Try white edges on dark steps and dark edges on white steps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to make things brighter

A

Use increased light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is purpose of magnifiers

A

Make things bigger

Optical low vision aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of magnifiers

A

-Spectacle Magnifiers
-Hand-held magnifiers
Illuminated
Non-Illuminated
Stand magnifiers
Illuminated
Non-Illuminated
Other Magnifiers
Bar Magnifier
Flat Field Magnifier
Telescopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the formula for magnification and example

A

Magnification= F/4

e.g. If F=12DS, Magnification=12/4=3x ( how much bigger it would make it )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Whats the magnification for 4DS

A

1X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does magnification assume

A

Working distance of 25 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spectacle Magnifiers: Advantages

A

Hands free
Cosmetically and psychologically acceptable
Different types possible-e.g. bifocals
Large Field of view
May flip up/out of line of sight - can wear them on nose and read
May be able to use both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spectacle Magnifiers: Disadvantages

A
Short working distance
Conspicuous if clip on/head band mounted
May be heavy - due to higher power of lens
Lens errors
May be difficult to use both 
  eyes together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when high power

A

More errors in lens due to optical properties

Cant use both eyes together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hand-Held Magnifiers

A

Available up to about 6x non-illuminated and about 15x illuminated ( light )
Cosmetically/Socially acceptable
Cheap
Portable
Easy to use
Can be used at any distance from the eye - adjust working distance to suit your needs
Lower powers available in larger diameters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hand-Held Magnifiers: Disadvantages

A

Not good if hand tremor present or arthritic especially at higher powers
Best suited for short duration tasks e.g. reading off medicine to see how many times to use
Can be used inappropriately
Internal illumination can make magnifier heavy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stand- Magnifiers: Advantages

A
Up to 20x available 
Both hands are available to use and working distance easily maintained - dont have to adjust working distance 
Lower powers may allow use of pen 
Stable 
Hold them flat in page
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stand Magnifiers: Disadvantages

A

May block light although illuminated varieties available
Can be bulky and heavy especially lower powers - cant put in pocket
Might be difficult to read a book because of the hump caused by the binding
Difficult to perform tasks underneath at high powers - stand is v.small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Flat-field Magnifiers

A

1.7-5X magnification
Popular with children
Dome shaped

25
Q

Bar Magnifiers

A
Plano-cylindrical lenses
Magnify the height of letters only
Can cover whole page
Usually on 1-2X magnification
Can read long distances as its long 
Low magnification
26
Q

Telescopes: Advantages

A

Wide range of focusing distances: distance/intermediate/near
Incorporate patient’s prescription
Greater working distance than other equivalent LVAs
Spectacle-mounted design allows hands free
Auto focus available - dont have to manually focus - but more expensive

27
Q

Telescopes: Disadvantages

A
Expensive
Difficult to use
Poor field of view
Can be heavy
Reduces image brightness
28
Q

Where can you get optical Low vision aids

A

Usually through the Hospital Eye service

Optical aids tend to be free on the NHS

29
Q

What is a non-optical low vision aid?

A

A device which doesn’t use any optical lenses, but that helps people with low vision to function more effectively and comfortably during visual tasks

30
Q

What is function of low vision aid

A
  • increase a persons functioning by improving the localised environment and supporting the person
  • Specialist lighting equipment that improves visual performance and supports the use of vision and LVAs
  • ## Devices that provide posture and ergonomic support
31
Q

Non- Optical Devices

A
  • Large number and extensive range of non-optical devices including electronic devices
    Large print books-Speech synthesisers
    Cost can vary considerably from little as a pound to several thousand pounds
32
Q

What is the most important non - optical aid

A

Lights

33
Q

How does performance increase

A

With improvements in task illuminance

34
Q

Difference between amount of light received by 20 year old and 60 year old

A

60-year-old retina receives one-third the amount of light that reaches the 20-year old retina (Weale,1961)

35
Q

How to Increase general ambient level of illuminance

A

E.g.- Draw curtains well back, clean curtains regularly and avoid use of net curtains
Paint house walls with light colours
Use fluorescent fittings

36
Q

Optimising Lighting for VI patients

A

Providing enhanced illumination for detailed tasks in a localised area (task lighting)
Localised lighting not only while reading but also for other tasks such as over telephone, under wall mounted kitchen cabinets etc.
Carry torch when ambient lighting is poor

37
Q

Glare

A

Visually Impaired people may suffer from glare
Use sunglasses
Visors or Caps

38
Q

What can be used to make reading/writing easier for visually impaired

A
  • Reading stands
  • Writing guide
  • Typoscopes
  • Signature guide
39
Q

What are some large print items used

A
Large button phones
Large print books, address books, diaries, crosswords etc.
Large playing cards
Big Print Newspaper
Large number clocks/watches
40
Q

What are some talking items used

A
Talking Watches, Talking Clocks
Talking Microwave
Talking Newspaper
Talking Calculators
Talking Blood Glucose meter
41
Q

What are some managing money items used

A

Note Detector

Coin Holder

42
Q

What are some other useful gadgets/aids

A
Audio described Videos
Pen Friend Voice labeller
Pill Organisers
Bump-ons
Liquid Level indicators
43
Q

Electronic Visual Enhancement Systems

A

CCTVs- Correct terminology

Not available on NHS

44
Q

Advantages of

A

Large Range of Magnification:
Variable Magnification: Deterioration of vision
Good Contrast, Different Contrast Options, Contrast Reversal
Good working distance
Good Field of View
Can use both eyes
Minimal peripheral Aberration, less critical focus and reduced light loss
Various option such as underlining text, splitting screen, cutting out unwanted text, scrolling of text
Longer reading duration than optical aids

45
Q

Disadvantages of

A

More practice
Can be bulky
Expensive
Can cause poor posture if bad position is adopted

46
Q

CCTV’s

A
Mouse Style Devices
Need an ordinary TV or a computer
Cheapest Option
Portable devices
Also cheap
47
Q

Advantage of CCTV desktop varieties

A

More options than mouse style devices or portable devices

48
Q

Disadvantage of CCTV desktop varieties

A

Expensive

49
Q

Head Mounted Devices examples

A

Give Vision glasses
ESight glasses
Oxford Smart Specs

50
Q

Examples of apps for visually impaired

A

Be my eyes
Seeing AI/Envision AI/KNFB reader
Tap Tap See See
Soundscape/Seeing Eye GPS/Nearby Explorer

51
Q

Digital Assistants examples

A

Alexa

Google home assist

52
Q

How do computers help visually impaired

A
Most computers have accessibility settings to 
Magnifiers,  narrators, reverse colours 
Settings > Ease of Access->Magnifier
Magnification software for Windows
Supernova
Zoomtext
MAGic
Screen readers
Supernova Reader
System Access 
Window-Eyes 
Combined speech and magnification software
iZoom Screen Magnifier/Reader
SuperNova Access Suite
53
Q

What is Braille and Moon

A

Tactile reading code that enables VI people to access information by touch

54
Q

What are examples of Braille gadgets

A

Braille Note
Braille Displays
Braille Embossers and writers
Tactile graphic maker

55
Q

The Voluntary Sector – the eye world

A
National
RNIB
Guide Dogs for the Blind (GDBA)
Macular 
Local
Local societies
About 100
56
Q

The Voluntary Sector – how to find out more

A
Internet
Publications
Charities Digest
Voluntary Agencies Directory (NCVO)
Directory of Specialist Conditions
57
Q

Personnel Involved in Low Vision Services

A
Carers
Dispensing Opticians
General Practitioners
Occupational Therapists
Ophthalmic Nurses 
Ophthalmologists
58
Q

Personnel Involved in Low Vision

A
Optometrists
Orthoptists
Rehabilitation Workers/Officers
Social Workers
Voluntary Workers
Eye Care Liaison Officers (ECLOs)
Specialist Teachers
59
Q

The Voluntary Sector – other related groups

A
Age Concern
Help the Aged
Arthritis Care
RNID
Sense