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GI Microbiology > Helico, Vibrio, Campylo, Anaerobes > Flashcards

Helico, Vibrio, Campylo, Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

What accounts for 95% of duodenal and 70% of duodenal ulcers?

A

H. pylori

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2
Q

What are the virulence factors of h. pylori?

A 
Gram- rod, curved, microaerophilic
Vac A -vacuolating cytotoxin- punch holes in organelles
PAI encoding Type III secretion system
CagA- rearranges cytoskeleton
Urease
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3
Q

How does h. pylori cause ulcers?

A

Urease: cleave urea, make alkaline, increase gastrin, increase pH

Type III: injects CagA and VacA into our cells to cause vacuolization and cytoskeletal rearrangement

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4
Q

VacA does what?

A

Vacuoles in organelles

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5
Q

CagA does what?

A

Cytoskeletal rearrangement of our cells

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6
Q

H. pylori treatment? diagnosis?

A

urea breath test dx

Tx with omeprazole, metronidazole, clarithromycin

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7
Q

What is the most common GI in developed nations?

A

Campylobacter jejuni, many reservoirs

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8
Q

What is shape of campylobacter?

A

Seagull/moustache

Gram -

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9
Q

Presentation: Fever, appendicitis type pain, watery diarrhea becomes bloody

A

Campylobacter

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10
Q

What is the most common antecedent to guillain barre?

A

Campylobacter–> rising paralysis

X reactibe antibodies to Cj lipooligosaccharides and myelin

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11
Q

Tx and diagnosis of campylo?

A

Dx: antibiotic culture
Tx: erythromycin, fluoros, b-lactam ressitance

SELF LIMITING: 3-7 days diarhea

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12
Q

Vibrio characteristics?

A

Gram - rod
Motile polar flagellum: lives in saltwater
Oxidase positive

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13
Q

Shellfish in warm months can have what?

A

Vibrio: saltwater swimmers

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14
Q

Cholera happens due to what?

A

Poor sanitation

Natural disasters

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15
Q

What cholera serogroups are epidemic or pandemic?

A

O1 (2 subgroups)
El Tor
Classical
O139

> 200 serotypes based on O antigen

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16
Q

What kills in cholera?

A

Dehydration: 20 liters a day of diarrhea

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17
Q

Presentation: diarhea progreses to look like rice water

A

Cholera

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18
Q

How long does cholera usually last?

A

1 week

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19
Q

Virulence factors of cholera?

A 
PAI encoded pilus for attachment
Phage encoded toxin:
    AB: 5 B and 1 A subunit
    ADP ribosylation of GTP-binding protein
    adenylate cyclase activation
    cAMP increase: secretory diarrhea
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20
Q

Cholera dx? Tx?

A

Dx: stool culture on TCBS (Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose)
or
MacConkey agar

Tx: HYDRATION (doxy or erythromycin)

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21
Q

Rehydration therapy recipe?

A

8 teaspoons sugar, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 liter water

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22
Q

Seafood diarrhea?

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Japan, US coasts)

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23
Q

Seafood and wound infection?

A

Vibrio vulnificus: cellulitis and bullae

Tx: doxycycline

24
Q

For every one animal cell, how many bacteria cells do we have?

25
Q

Clostridium form what?

26
Q

What makes something an anaerobe?

A

Cant deal with O2 ROS
lack superoxide dismutase
lack catalase

27
Q

How do anaerobes make energy?

A

Fermentation

28
Q

What is biggest clue for anaerobes?

A

STINK: smelly breath or gas

29
Q

Most common anaerobic infection?

A

Bacteroides fragilis: abcesses, PID, lung aspiration etc.

30
Q

Bacteriodes virulence factors?

A

Antiphagocytic capsule

31
Q

Aminoglycosides effectiveness against anaerobes?

A

NOT! need O2 to get inside cells

32
Q

Tx for anaerobes?

A

Erithromycin, clinda, metronidazole, 3rd gen cephalosporins

33
Q

Shiny black dots on agar?

A

Prevotella MELANinogenica

34
Q

What is gram + spore forming anaerobe?

A

Clostridium

35
Q

Large boxcar gram + rods?

A

clostridium perfringens

36
Q

Gas gangrene and cellulitis?

A

clostridium perfringens: contamination of wound by spores

37
Q

Virulence factors of clostridium perfringens?

A

Tissue penetration:
Phospholipase
Collagenase
Protease

Fermentation: gas!

38
Q

Gsa gangrene tx?

A

Surgical debridement
Penicillin and protein inhibitors
Hyperbaric oxygen chamber

39
Q

C. perfringens also causes what?

A

Food poisoning: rich meats cooked at low temperatures that do not kill spores

40
Q

Clostridium tetani presentation?

A

Cut
Lock jaw
Spasms
Light sensitivity

41
Q

Tetanus death?

A

Exhaustion or respiratory failure

42
Q

Tx for tetanus

A

Not antibiotics: soak up toxin

43
Q

Kids get what tetanus vaccine?

A

DTaP

adults get Tdap

44
Q

Clostridium botulinum virulence factors?

A

TOXINS: prevent Ach release

seven antigenic types
1g could kill 1 million people: POTENT
Cleave V and T snares

45
Q

Acute symmetric DESCENDING paralysis?

A

Botulism: respiratory failure

46
Q

Floppy baby?

A

Infant botulism from carpets, natural honey

47
Q

C. difficile virulence factors?

A

A and B toxins synergy:
A: enterotoxin: diarhea
B: cytotoxin: inflammation

48
Q

Watery diarhea?

A

C. dif
C. perfringens
V. cholerae

49
Q

Watery then bloody diarrhea?

50
Q

Persistant infection and symptoms?

51
Q

Seasonal diarhea?

A

V. cholerae

V. parahaemolyticus

52
Q

Food borne diarrhea?

A

C. jejuni
V. cholerae
V. parahaemolyticus
C. perfringens

53
Q

Normal flora?

A

B. fragilis

C. dif

54
Q

Opportunisitic/Nosocomial?

A

B. fragilis

C. dif

55
Q

Flaccid paralysis

56
Q

Lock jaw/stiffness?

GI Microbiology (2 decks)

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