Helico, Vibrio, Campylo, Anaerobes Flashcards
What accounts for 95% of duodenal and 70% of duodenal ulcers?
H. pylori
What are the virulence factors of h. pylori?
Gram- rod, curved, microaerophilic Vac A -vacuolating cytotoxin- punch holes in organelles PAI encoding Type III secretion system CagA- rearranges cytoskeleton Urease
How does h. pylori cause ulcers?
Urease: cleave urea, make alkaline, increase gastrin, increase pH
Type III: injects CagA and VacA into our cells to cause vacuolization and cytoskeletal rearrangement
VacA does what?
Vacuoles in organelles
CagA does what?
Cytoskeletal rearrangement of our cells
H. pylori treatment? diagnosis?
urea breath test dx
Tx with omeprazole, metronidazole, clarithromycin
What is the most common GI in developed nations?
Campylobacter jejuni, many reservoirs
What is shape of campylobacter?
Seagull/moustache
Gram -
Presentation: Fever, appendicitis type pain, watery diarrhea becomes bloody
Campylobacter
What is the most common antecedent to guillain barre?
Campylobacter–> rising paralysis
X reactibe antibodies to Cj lipooligosaccharides and myelin
Tx and diagnosis of campylo?
Dx: antibiotic culture
Tx: erythromycin, fluoros, b-lactam ressitance
SELF LIMITING: 3-7 days diarhea
Vibrio characteristics?
Gram - rod
Motile polar flagellum: lives in saltwater
Oxidase positive
Shellfish in warm months can have what?
Vibrio: saltwater swimmers
Cholera happens due to what?
Poor sanitation
Natural disasters
What cholera serogroups are epidemic or pandemic?
O1 (2 subgroups)
El Tor
Classical
O139
> 200 serotypes based on O antigen
What kills in cholera?
Dehydration: 20 liters a day of diarrhea
Presentation: diarhea progreses to look like rice water
Cholera
How long does cholera usually last?
1 week
Virulence factors of cholera?
PAI encoded pilus for attachment Phage encoded toxin: AB: 5 B and 1 A subunit ADP ribosylation of GTP-binding protein adenylate cyclase activation cAMP increase: secretory diarrhea
Cholera dx? Tx?
Dx: stool culture on TCBS (Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose)
or
MacConkey agar
Tx: HYDRATION (doxy or erythromycin)
Rehydration therapy recipe?
8 teaspoons sugar, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 liter water
Seafood diarrhea?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Japan, US coasts)