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GI Microbiology > E. coli, shigella, salmonella, opportunistic enterobacteriacae > Flashcards

E. coli, shigella, salmonella, opportunistic enterobacteriacae Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Overall characterisitics?

A 
Gram - rods
Facultative anaerobes
Oxidase negative
Reduce nitrates to nitritie (Dipstick UTI)
Motile except EIEC, shigella, klebsiella
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2
Q

K antigens found where?

A

Capsule polysaccharide

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3
Q

H antigens found where?

A

Flagella

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4
Q

O antigens found where?

A

LPS O side of gram negative

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5
Q

UTI?

A

E coli

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6
Q

Fecal samples cultured on what? Why?

A

MacConkey
blue: inhibits gram +
Lactose: red or pink=ferment

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7
Q

Lactose fermenters?

A

Pink on macConkey

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8
Q

Non-fermenters of lactose?

A

same color as macConkey

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9
Q

Slant agar color breakdown?

A

Yellow: ferment lactose makes acid (yellow)
Black: iron metabolism by hydrogen sulfide
Gaps: hydrogen gas

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10
Q

Treatment of enterobacteriacaeao?

A

rehydration

No need for antibiotics, unless bloody diarhea

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11
Q

Dysentary is what?

A

Bloody diarhea

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12
Q

What percent of diarrhea is caused by viruses?

A

90%

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13
Q

> 10-14 days is likely what?

A

Parasites: giardia

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14
Q

Chronic diarhea infection, think what?

A

HIV

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15
Q

E coli outside colon?

A

UTI
Sepriciemia and meningitis in neonates
HUGE killer in 3rd world

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16
Q

E coli virotypes?

A 
EPEC: generic diarhea
EHEC: hemoragic diarhea
ETEC: toxic
EIEC: invasive
Aggregate ecoli:
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17
Q

EPEC virulence?

A

Type II secretion: injects its own receptor protein, changes locks to let itself into living on cell

Encodes a pedestal
Watery diarhea

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18
Q

EHEC virulence?

A

like EPEC +
O157:H7
Shiga toxin: bloody diarhea

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19
Q

EHEC mode of transmission?

A

Undercooked beef
Fruits, juices, vegetables
Human to human

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20
Q

EHEC presentation?

A

Little fever
Acute cramps
Watery diarhea>bloody within 24 hours

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21
Q

EHEC diarhea lasts how long?

A

8 days

hospitalization often necessary

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22
Q

Shiga toxin MOA?

A 
INFLAMMATION
AB toxin
Cleave 28S RNA of ribosome
Kills cell by destroying protein production
Lysogenic phage encoded
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23
Q

What is LEE?

A 
DIARRHEA 
Locus of enterocyte effacement
  PAI: type III secretion system
  delivers receptor to host cell
   pedestal formation 
    diarhea
24
Q

Shiga toxin can do what in children?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome via killing cells

25
Q

What is color of EHEC O157:H7 on sorbitol MacConkey?

A

White (other STEC and e coli are red/pink)

26
Q

Tx for EHEC?

A

NOT ANTIBIOTICS!!!
stress bacteria can increase Shiga toxin production, leading to HUS

FLUID REPLACEMENT, blood transfusion

27
Q

O157:H7 cannot use what?

A

Sorbitol : diagnosis

28
Q

ETEC virulence factors?

A

Traveler’s diarhea
CFA 1 or 2: attachment
LT: heat labile toxin: choLera toxin mode
ST: heat stable toxin: not AB: hormone like

29
Q

EIEC is like what?

A

Shigella
Lactose -
non-motile
dysentery

30
Q

EIEC is unique in what way?

A

Intracellular: makes tails and pushes into next cell

31
Q

EPEC is what?

A

Generic… no toxins… ust watery diarhea

32
Q

K1 antigen e coli causes what?

A

Neonatal meningitis

33
Q

UPEC is what?

A

UTI e coli (90%)

34
Q

UPEC virulence factor?

A

P fimbriae: PAP villi

K capsule

35
Q

Which e coli is most common in the US? Why?

A

EHEC: O157:H7

We eat more BEEF

36
Q

Salmonella culture means what?

A

Infection: not normal flora

37
Q

What does salmonella typhi cause?

A

Not GI: typhoid fever

38
Q

Salmonella culture?

A 
Gram -
Lac -
Glu +
gas+ : cracks
H2S
39
Q

How do we tell difference between E coli and salmonella on MacConkey?

A

White colonies, not Pink

40
Q

Two main salamonellosis bugs?

A

s. enteriditis
s. typhimurium

from: meat, dairy, eggs, pet turtles, reptiles, humans

41
Q

Salmonella virulence factors?

A 
PAI type III secretion system injects: 
M cell target
Membrane "ruffles" endocytose bacteria
Bacteria cross basal membrane
Enter lamina propria
Kills macrophages
Inflammation
42
Q

What does salmonella invade?

A

M cells

Lamina propria

43
Q

What is the timeline differences for toxins, viruses, bacteria?

A

Toxins: 3-4 hours
Virus: quick
Bacteria: 20+ hours to establish

44
Q

Salmonella can disseminate to where? in who?

A

HIV, sickle cell kids: elderly and young

Osteomyelitis (sickle)
Bacteremia (HIV, cancer patients)
Endocarditis
Renal problems

45
Q

s. Typhus enters blood how?

A 
M cells
Survive in macrophages
Spread to mesenteric lymph nodes
Ruptured spleen
Vi capsule inhibits neutrophil uptake
Sepsis

Perforations of GI tract at necrotic Peyer’s patches can lead to severe hemorrhage

46
Q

Presentation: Insidius rising fever with headache, abdominal pain, slow pulse, mental confusion, ruptured spleen or intestine

A

Typhoid fever

47
Q

Tx for typhoid fever?

A

Ceftriaxone

Oral vaccine for travelers to endemic areas

48
Q

Three types of shigella and where?

A

s dysenteriae: central and south america: high Stx
high fatality rate
HUS
s sonnei: US, children, 70% of cases in US
less bloody, more watery

s flexneri: most common worldwide, 2nd in US
Gay men STD

49
Q

Shigella is most common in who?

A

Children, institutions, gay men

50
Q

Shigella culture?

A 
Gram -, non motile rod
Lac-
Glu +
no gas
no H2S
leukocytes prominent in stool
51
Q

Presentation: acute bloody diarrhea in kid/gay man

A

Shigella

52
Q

S. sonnei is notable for what?

A

Less bloody, more watery

53
Q

Yersinia mimics what?

A

Appendicitis

54
Q

Klebsiella buzzwords?

A

Alcoholics

Currant jelly sputum

55
Q

Proteus and Morganella buzzwords?

A

UTI

GI Microbiology (2 decks)

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