Height of the Cold War

Question 1

when did west Germany begin to be remilitarised

Answer 1

1950

Question 2

why did the USA feel west Germany needed to be remilitarised

Answer 2

• after the Korean war he believed it would be best for Germany to defend itself

Question 3

what did Stalin do as a result of west Germany remilitarising

Answer 3

he sent a letter to USA proposing that Germany unite and they hold free elections as he would scared Germany would turn out like Poland however the west declined the offer.

Question 4

what was imposed in west Germany in 1955

Answer 4

compulsory military service

Question 5

what approach did east germany use from 1949 and whats was its aim

Answer 5

a stalanistic approach- they wanted to heavily industrialise east germany

Question 6

did the stalinistic approach work and what did it lead to

Answer 6

no- it just led to sparsity’s in east Germany, farmers left there land to move to west Germany as a result, by 1953 there were workers strikes due to un fairness and it resulted in the Ussr coming to crush the uprising

Question 7

what occured from 1949- 1952

Answer 7

the brain drain

Question 8

what was the brain drain

Answer 8

it was a period of time when the young educated people of germany (approxamitly 675k) crossed the border and moved to west berlin

Question 9

what 2 things happened as a result of the brain drain

Answer 9

• east berlin lacked educated people and were deprived
• the first beginnings of the berlin wall, east berlin put barbed wire along the border to attempt to stop people from crossing to west berlin.

Question 10

who replaced Stalin when he died in 1953

Answer 10

Nikita Khrushchev

Question 11

what policy’s did Khrushchev use

Answer 11

desalinisation- he wanted to relax censorship and undo a lot of what Stalin did

Question 12

when was the berlin wall built

Answer 12

1961

Question 13

why was it built

Answer 13

despite the barbed wire, it was still very easy to leave Germany, they needed to officially end the brain drain so they decided to built a physical wall to stop people from leaving

Question 14

what did the berlin wall symbolise

Answer 14

it was a physical representative of the cold war, embodied what Churchill said in his iron curtain speech

Question 15

how did the USA use the berlin wall

Answer 15

they used it as propaganda convincing people against communism, they said that they had flaws but at least they didn’t need a wall to keep people in.

Question 16

what occurred in Poznan in 1956

Answer 16

a polish uprising

Question 17

what happened in this polish uprising

Answer 17

uprisings for better pay led to request of reform, a former political prisoner joined and promised socialism in Poland eventually Ussr had to threaten force and it ended with Poland remaining in the Warsaw pact but the Ussr’s grip being loosened on Poland

Question 18

what happend in 1956

Answer 18

the hungarian uprising

Question 19

what happened in the Hungarian uprising

Answer 19

• Hungary were inspired by Poland and demonstrations took place to withdraw soviet tanks.
• a man named Nagy became leader of Hungary and he told Stalin to remove soviet tanks and he would gain control of Hungary.
• Stalin obliged but instead Nagy announced Hungary were leaving the Warsaw pact
• Ussr feared that Hungary would leave communism so Stalin sent in tanks and had Nagy executed.

Question 20

what did the Hungarian uprising show

Answer 20

that the Ussr was prepared to use extreme force to maintain there buffer zone

Question 21

what happened in Prague Spring 1968

Answer 21

Czechoslovakia attempted to stray away from communism but still remain in the Warsaw pact, eventually they strayed to far and the Ussr invaded to enforce communism

Question 22

what was the Brezhnev doctrine and why was it introduced

Answer 22

it was introduced after the negative reactions from other members of the Warsaw pact after the uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia
- the doctrine stated that the Ussr could intervene in the affairs of eastern socialist country’s if communism was threatened.

Question 23

what was the arms race

Answer 23

it was a period of time when both USA and USSR were developing nuclear weapons to attempt to get the upper hand however it just made it clear that if the two were to use nuclear weapons it would led to MAD (mutually assure destruction)

Question 24

what was the space race

Answer 24

the period of time where both the USA and USSR battled to be the first to have someone land on the moon, the USA achieved this first, space was one of the only place where the Ussr and USA cooperated together

Question 25

what happened in the cuban missile crisis

Answer 25

in 1959 communism was instated in cubs, what heavily upset the USA as they had bene using Cuba for resources. it led to the Cuban missile crisis when the 2 powers were faced with the opportunity to use nuclear weapons on each other, however they eventually saw reason and disarmed.

Question 26

what was détente

Answer 26

it was a period of time between 1962- 1979 which saw cooperation between USA and Ussr, they signed many pact and deals to try stop the cold war.

Question 27

what was signed in 1968

Answer 27

SALT

Question 28

what was SALT

Answer 28

it was an arms limitation treaty between USA, Britain Ussr and France which limited there weapons.

Question 29

what were the Helsinki accords

Answer 29

they were signed in 1975 to resolve some of the issues still unresolved from ww2. it agreed to post war European borders.

Question 30

what is Ostpolitik

Answer 30

this was when willy Brandt chancellor of west Germany decided to attempt to fix the relationship between east and west Germany. Ostpolitik is the name of several treaty’s which were signed between the 2.

Question 31

what was the carter doctrine

Answer 31

this came around after a coup is the middle east, after fears of loosing communism in Kabul/ Afghanistan the Ussr sent in soldiers to occupy the country.
- the USA were incredibly annoyed and cut all the deals previously made between Ussr and USA.
- USA feared what the Ussr could do with the oil gained from the middle east so made the carter doctrine,, this was similar to Truman doctrine in the way that they would give aid and money to any middle eastern country’s which were threatened with communism

Question 32

when did the soviet union invade Afghanistan

Answer 32

1979

Question 33

what did the USA do as a result of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 33

• they stopped exports to the Ussr, withdrew from arms discussions and left the 1980 Moscow Olympics.