HEENT Exam - Disease Summary

Question 1

Sudden increase in the intra-ocular pressure often seen with narrow angle between the iris and they cornea with obstructs the flow of aqueous humor in the canal of Schlemm (sclera venous sinus).

Answer 1

Acute glaucoma

Question 2

What should you do with acute glaucoma?

Answer 2

Refer urgently to hospital

Question 3

Presents with a painful red eye and a hard eyeball, vision will be hazy in the beginning.

Answer 3

Acute glaucoma

Question 4

One pupil is dilated (larger than unaffected pupil) and reacts poorly to light.

Answer 4

Adie’s pupil

Question 5

Adie’s pupil aka?

Answer 5

Tonic pupil

Question 6

What should you do with someone with Adie’s pupil (tonic pupil)?

Answer 6

Refer to a neurologist

Question 7

Adie’s pupil mainly affects what group?

Answer 7

Young women

Question 8

Adie’s pupil is a benign condition (T/F)?

Answer 8

True - Adie’s pupil is benign

Question 9

One pupil is small; reacts poorly to light but reacts well to accommodation

Answer 9

Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 10

Argyll Robertson pupil may be seen in what two conditions?

Answer 10

Tertiary syphilis

Multiple sclerosis

Question 11

Argyll Robertson pupil patients should be referred to ?

Answer 11

Neurologist

Question 12

Inflammation of the eyelids

Answer 12

blepharitis

Question 13

Blepharitis may be due to what 3 things?

Answer 13

Staphylococcal infection
Allergy
seborrhea

Question 14

How does blepharitis present?

Answer 14

Swollen itching tender eyelids

Question 15

Blepharitis patients should be referred to?

Answer 15

dermatologist

Question 16

Clot formation in the cavernous sinus in the brain following spread of infection from the face.

Answer 16

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 17

Cavernous sinus thrombosis presents with what?

Answer 17

Swollen eyelids (Periorbital edema) and diplopia (due to CN damage)

Question 18

Cavernous sinus thrombosis can damage what 3 CN’s that pass though the cavernous sinus?

Answer 18

III, IV, V

Question 19

Referral for cavernous sinus patients?

Answer 19

Refer urgently to hospital for antibiotics

Question 20

A benign granulomatous lesion in the tarsal (Meibomian) gland of the eyelid.

Answer 20

Chalazion

Question 21

Presents as a painless swelling on the inside of the eyelid; it may become infected and painful.

Answer 21

chalazion

Question 22

Referral for chalazion?

Answer 22

Refer to ophthalmologist

Question 23

Gradual increase in intraocular pressure due to excessive production of aqueous humor or to gradual obstruction to the canal of Schlemm

Answer 23

Chronic glaucoma

Question 24

Presents with gradual loss of vision, especially in the periphery causing tunnel vision.

Answer 24

Chronic glaucoma

Question 25

Associated with increase cupping of the disc due to raised intraocular pressure

Answer 25

Chronic glaucoma

Question 26

Chronic glaucoma referral?

Answer 26

Refer to an ophthalmologist

Question 27

Infection of the conjunctiva

Answer 27

Conjunctivitis

Question 28

Conjunctivitis is MC of viral or bacterial origin?

Answer 28

MC viral, but it could be bacterial

Question 29

Conjunctivitis in neonates of bacterial origin is usually:

Answer 29

gonococcal

Question 30

Presents with itching, pain, tearing, and a red eye with discharge

Answer 30

conjunctivitis

Question 31

Referral for conjunctivitis?

Answer 31

Refer to a medical doctor

Question 32

Damage to the retina seen in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Answer 32

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 33

Diabetic retinopathy presents with _____ vision.

Answer 33

blurred

Question 34

Characterized by microaneurysms (dots) and flame hemorrhages in the retina.

Answer 34

Diabetic neuropathy

Question 35

Diabetic neuropathy referral?

Answer 35

Refer to ophthalmologist

Question 36

External sagging of the lower lid

Answer 36

ectropion

Question 37

Ectropion is usually seen in what population?

Answer 37

Old age

Question 38

Ectropion referral?

Answer 38

Plastic surgeon

Question 39

Turning in of the lower eyelid, painful eye with turned-in lower eyelid

Answer 39

entropion

Question 40

Entropion may be congenital or acquired due to:

Answer 40

Scarring due to trachomatis

Question 41

Entropion referral?

Answer 41

ophthalmologist