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HEENT > HEENT BORED > Flashcards

HEENT BORED Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the Eye?

A
  • Superior/Inferior Oblique
  • Lateral/Medial Rectus
  • Superior/Inferior Rectus
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2
Q

Superior Oblique CN/Movement

A

IV
up and in

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3
Q

Inferior Oblique CN/Movement

A

III
down/in

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4
Q

Superior Rectus CN/Movement

A

III
Up/lateral

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5
Q

Inferior Rectus CN/Movement

A

III
Down

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6
Q

Lateral Rectus CN/Movement

A

VI
lateral/down

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7
Q

Medial Recuts CN/Movement

A

III
Medial aka in

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8
Q

Nasal Pathogens

A

Strep Pneumonia
Staph Aureus
Maroxella
Hemophilic Influenza

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9
Q

What type of forceps are used for nasal packing?

A
  • Bayonet
  • place gauze in ACCORDIAN fashion
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10
Q

Outer/Inner ear separated by

A

TM

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11
Q

Pressure changes made by

A

Eustachian Tube

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12
Q

4 Ototoxic Meds and 1 Specific example

A

Aminoglycosides/Chemo/Antimalarial/Salicytes

Furosemide

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13
Q

Kiesselblach Plexus

A

Convergences of small fragile arteries and veins in nose

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14
Q

What is the average number of teeth?

A

32

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15
Q

Meds for nasal packing

A

oral antibiotics

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16
Q

Low set ear angle is a sign of?

A

down syndrome

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17
Q

Preferred method of cauterization

A

silver nitrate (POISON)

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18
Q

Rinne Test Ratio

A

2:1

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19
Q

90% of nose bleeds are…

A

anterior

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20
Q

Red bulge adjacent to tonsils hallmark of

A

PTA

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21
Q

Chronic bilateral inflammation of eyelids

A

blepharitis

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22
Q

Entropion

A

eyelids rolled inward

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23
Q

Blepharitis Tx

A

Scrub shampoo/compress

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24
Q

Blepharitis Meds

A

Tetracycline

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25
Q

Hordeolum vs Chalazion

A

Hordeolum is acute and painful
Charizard is chronic with no px

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26
Q

Hordeolum aka?

A

stye

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27
Q

Glands affected by hordeolum (internal and external)

A

external: zeis
internal: melibomian

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28
Q

hordeolum and chalazion tx

A

warm compress

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29
Q

Hyperemia

A

red injection into eyes

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30
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis meds

A

epinastine or a corticosteroid

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31
Q

Allergenic Conjunctivitis meds

A

antihistamine/steroids

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32
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis meds

A

Erythromycin for non contacts
Cipro contacts

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33
Q

Pterygium

A

related to sunlight exposure or chronic inflammation of conjunctival layers and cornea

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34
Q

Ocular Foreign Body Med

A

Topical Anesthetic and Cipro

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35
Q

Ocular Foreign Body f/u for non contact wearers

A

24h and every day for 3-5 days

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36
Q

PWT Bromine requirement

A

2.0 onlyyyyyy

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37
Q

Why do we test four water sites?

A

crew of 100 or less

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38
Q

Incubator temp for bacti?

A

36

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39
Q

Amount of water for testing?

A

100ml

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40
Q

Corneal size of globe

A

anterior 1/6th of globe

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41
Q

Woodslamp color

A

cobalt blue

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42
Q

3 corneal ulcer causes

A

bacteria
virus
fungus

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43
Q

Corneal ulcer sx?

A
  • visual acuity decrease
  • hypopyon
  • photophobia with Px
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44
Q

Corneal Ulcer Tx plan

A

Cipro and MEDEVAC

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45
Q

CN 1-12

A
  • Olfactory
  • Optic
  • Occular Motor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Abducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibular
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Spinal
  • Hypoglossal
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46
Q

5 senses

A

smell
taste
equilibrium
hearing
sight

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47
Q

Somatic senses

A
  • tactile
  • thermal
  • px
  • proprioception
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48
Q

Internal Organ Sensation aka

A

Visceral Sensation

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49
Q

4 conditions for sensation

A

stimulus
receptors
nerve pathways
brain interpretation

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50
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

mechanical information

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51
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Hot/cold

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52
Q

Nocicreceptor

A

detect px

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53
Q

Photoreceptor

A

light

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54
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Chemicals

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55
Q

Osmoreceptor

A

osmotic pressure

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56
Q

Somatic sensations arise from?

A

sensory receptors

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57
Q

Cold in Epidermis temp

A

50-150

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58
Q

Warm in dermis temp

A

90-118

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59
Q

Detectable temps

A

50-118

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60
Q

Activation of nociceptors temps

A

less than 10 or greater than 48

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61
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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62
Q

Olfactory cells are held in nasal epithelium of…

A

Criboform plate

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63
Q

Olfactory Pathway

A

Cilia
Epithelium
CNI
Cribriform plate
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
cerebral cortex

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64
Q

5 tastes

A

salt
sweet
bitter
sour
umami

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65
Q

Anterior 2/3 taste CN

A

7

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66
Q

Posterior 1/3 taste CN

A

9

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67
Q

Accessory eye structures?

A
  • eyebrows
  • eye lids
  • eye lashes
  • lacrimal apparatus
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68
Q

Tear flow

A

Lacrimal….
gland
duct
canal
sac
duct
nasal cavity

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69
Q

What is the inner layer of the eye?

A

retina

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70
Q

What part of the eye detects color?

A

cones

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71
Q

Eye color for black and white

A

rods

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72
Q

What maintains shape of eye

A

vitreous chamber

73
Q

Term used for near sighted?

A

presbyopia

74
Q

Iris covering

A

cornea

75
Q

White of eye

A

sclera

76
Q

Dense of connective tissue

A

sclera

77
Q

Color of eye

A

iris

78
Q

Normal IOP

A

16mmHg

79
Q

Eustachian Tube aka

A

auditory canal

80
Q

Principal organ of hearing

A

cochlea

81
Q

CNIII Path

A

passes through midbrain to thalamus to temporal lobe

82
Q

3 receptor organs of equilibrium

A
  • saccule
  • utricle
  • semicircular duct
83
Q

Dynamic vs Static Equilibrium

A

dynamic occurs while moving

84
Q

What is the only part of body without nociceptors?

A

brain

85
Q

Layers of skin for heat

A

dermis

86
Q

Layers of skin for cold

A

epidermis

87
Q

Chronic pain is?

A

slow pain

88
Q

Sharp or acute pain is?

A

fast pain

89
Q

Ethmoid/Cribiform plates holes contain?

A

olfactory nerves

90
Q

CN VIII branches into

A

cerebellum

91
Q

All eye muscles…

A

pull

92
Q

What are the 3 eye layers?

A
  • fibrous tunic
  • vascular tunic
  • retina
93
Q

Photoreceptor layer

A

rods and cones

94
Q

Which ossicle touches TM?

A

Malleus

95
Q

Jelly-like posterior layer of eye?

A

Virtuous chamber

96
Q

Fluid filling space between lens and cornea?

A

Aqueous Humor

97
Q

3 salivary glands

A

parotid submandibular and sublingual

98
Q

Stensen’s duct location

A

2nd molar on maxilla

99
Q

Wharton’s Duct location

A

Small papula at frenulum

100
Q

What is the major accessible artery of the face?

A

temporal

101
Q

Thyroid size?

A

4cm, right lobe is 25% larger

102
Q

Myxedema sx

A

puffy yellow skin
coarse hair
preorbital edema

103
Q

Acromegaly

A

broad nasal with prominent zygomatic arch

104
Q

Hippocratic facies

A

sunken eyes with dry rough skin

105
Q

Term for enlarged head, bulging fontanel, dilated scalp veins, and bossing skull?

A

Hydrocephalus

106
Q

Butterfly rash a sign of

A

Lupus

107
Q

3 layers of vascular tunic

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

108
Q

2 regions of fibrous tunic

A

cornea and sclera

109
Q

White of eye aka?

A

sclera

110
Q

Gustation

A

sense of taste

111
Q

What carries out 75% of refraction?

A

cornea

112
Q

lies anterior to vestibule and is primary organ of hearing

A

cochlea

113
Q

Accumulation of RBC within eye chamber

A

Hyphemia

114
Q

Hyphemia Sx

A

Clot in anterior chamber
Trauma/PX

115
Q

Hyphemia Tx

A

MEDEVAC
Elevate head 30 degrees
Eye shield

116
Q

Orbital Cellulitis Sx

A

Red eye
fever
pain with movement
sinus headache/teeth px

117
Q

Orbital Cellulitis Hallmarks

A

Eyelid edema
Conjunctival injection
Restricted Motility

118
Q

Orbital Cellulitis Meds

A

IV Antibiotics or IM Rocephin

119
Q

Orbital Rim Fracture involves…

A

Outer Edges of Orbit

120
Q

Blowout Fx involves…

A

Floor or inner well of orbit

121
Q

Orbital Floor Fx

A

trauma to rim pushes bone back

122
Q

Orbit Fx Sx

A

px with movement
crepitus
emphysema
binocular diplopia
CHEEK NUMBNESS

123
Q

Orbital Fracture Meds

A

Antibiotics
Afrin

124
Q

Acute Vision Loss AKA

A

Transient Vision Loss

125
Q

Average Acute Vision Loss duration

A

1h-24h

126
Q

Acute Vision Loss 10-60 minutes a sign of

A

Migraine (with or without a headache)

127
Q

3 types of Retinal Detachment (RET)

A

Rhegmatogenous
Exudative
Tractional

128
Q

Rheg. Retinal Detachment factors + sx

A

most common
one or more hours
50 y/o or older

floaters/shadow

129
Q

Exudative Retinal Detachment + symptoms

A

Accumulated fluid or tumor related

minimal vision loss/retinal dome

130
Q

Tractional Retinal Detachment caused by

A

DM/Occlusions

131
Q

Corneal Ulcer Med

A

Cipro

do not use patch

132
Q

Flash Burn

A

caused by sun/welding

133
Q

Flash Burn Sx

A

Mild px
Tearing
Bilateral

134
Q

Flash Burn Tx

A

oral pain meds
antibiotics

135
Q

Chemical Burn Tx

A

Irrigation and topical antibiotics

136
Q

Herpetic Lesion Tx

A

Oral Antivirals

137
Q

Vision Loss for a few seconds common cause

A

HTN

138
Q

Blepharitis associated with

A

Acne

139
Q

Virus Associated with Conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

140
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis vs Viral

A

bacteria=unilateral
virus= bilateral

141
Q

Primary Tx Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Azithromycin

142
Q

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis Meds

A

Rocephin and Azithromycin

143
Q

Before every eye treatment do…

A

Visual Acuity

144
Q

Uveitis vs Iritis

A

MEDEVAC (cant diagnose)

145
Q

Uveitis/Iritis Med

A

Atropine

146
Q

Cellulitis Meds

A

Amoxicillin
Augmentin

147
Q

Mastoiditis causes

A

Untreated otitis media

148
Q

Mastoiditis Tx/med

A

MEDEVAC
Otic Antibiotic

149
Q

Otitis Externa Med

A

Acidification and Otic Antibiotic

150
Q

Otitis Media Affects

A

Eustachian Tube/Temporal Bone

151
Q

Otitis Media Meds

A

Oral Antibiotics and Nasal Decongestant

152
Q

ETD Physiology

A

Dilated Eustachian Tube

153
Q

ETD Sx

A

Px
Fullness
Tinnitus

154
Q

TM Perforation Physiology

A

Pars tensa is thin and easily torn

155
Q

TM Perf Sx

A

tinnitus
acute px
blood
NV

156
Q

TM Perf use Antibiotics if…

A

Foreign material is cause

157
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

benign** tumor in middle ear that destroys bone and tissue

158
Q

Cholesteatoma Disposition/Complication

A

MEDEVAC and death

159
Q

Barotrauma Sx

A

Hearing loss
middle ear
bulging TM
fluid

160
Q

Barotrauma Meds

A

Symptomatically or oral decongestants

161
Q

Sudden Hearing Loss time

A

3 days or less

162
Q

4 Epistaxis Tx

A
  • direct pressure
  • decongestant
  • packing
  • oral antibiotics
163
Q

Nasal polyps

A

benign nasal tumors on mucosa

164
Q

Nasal Polyps med

A

MEDADVICE for prednisone

165
Q

Sinusitis treat after how many days?

A

10

166
Q

Sinusitis meds

A

Antibiotics

167
Q

Epiglottitis Med

A

Decadron (STEROID BABY)

168
Q

Epiglottitis Disposition

A

MEDEVAC

169
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White lesions that cannot be removed

170
Q

Leukoplakia caused by

A

pre cancer/irritants

171
Q

PTA Disposition

A

MEDEVAC

172
Q

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Bacteria

A

GABHS aka A-B hemolytic strep

173
Q

4 Centor Criteria

A

fever 38 C
anterior lymph swelling
no cough
tonsillar exudate

174
Q

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Meds

A

-cillins (check please)

175
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Staph aureus clogs salivary glands

176
Q

Sialadenitis Tx

A

MEDEVAC and H20

177
Q

Tonsilliths aka

A

Tonsil Stones

178
Q

Tonsilliths tx

A

salt water gargles

179
Q

Tonsilliths sx

A

halitosis
sore throat
white debris

HEENT (2 decks)

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