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BOARDS > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes keratitis

A

fluorescein dye “fern like” CN V. Abrupt onset of pain.

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2
Q

Corneal Abrasions

A

Round/Irregular

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3
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma

A

acute/severe halos, cupping optic nerve, cloudy cornea, mid-dilated
oval pupil. ER STAT

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4
Q

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

A

CN2 gradual changes in peripheral vision LOST FIRST, then

second central vision

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5
Q

Cataracts

A

in elderly night vision issues. Opaque

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6
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

A

Painless loss of “central vision” reports straight lines appear
curved. Periphery is preserved. Give amsler grid

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7
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

Floaters, curtain, flashes of light. Painless

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8
Q

Cholesteatoma:

A

cauliflower, foul-smell, hearing loss. If erodes bones in face affects CN VII.
SURGERY

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9
Q

Canker sores

A

Aphthous stomatitis: painful shallow ulcers heal 7-10 days. Magic mouthwash.

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10
Q

Papilledema

A

optic disc swollen w/ blurred edges due to increased ICP

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11
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

A

Copper/silver wire arterioles. AV nicking(mild retinopathy). Retinal
Hemorrhages

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12
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Cotton wool spots (moderate retinopathy), micro-aneurysms. ALSO,
RETINAL HEMORRHAGES ON CENTER OF EYE APPEAR ORANGE RED

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13
Q

Kolpik Spots

A

“clusters sm. Size red papules w/ white centers in the buccal mucosa by lower molars”.
Rubeola. Fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, cough (3c). Morbilliform rash.

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14
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Lateralization to good ear. Rinne- AC > BC.

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15
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Lateralization to bad ear. Rinne- BC > AC.
o Rinne (1st mastoid, 2 front of ear, time each area).
o Weber: Tuning fork midline. CN 8 (acoustic).

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16
Q

Hordeolum (stye)

A

painful swollen red warm abscess TREAT hot compress erythromycin,
dicloxacillin.

17
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

middle ear. Usually S. pneumo. (others: h influ, mor catarrhalis).
 Popping, muffled, afebrile or low-grade, TM can rupture blood and pus on pillow on awakening with
relief of ear pain. “erythematous TM” bulging or retracting. Decreased mobility. TREATMENT:
Amoxicillin (first line), then Augmentin, Omnicef, Ceftin, Levaquin. Weber- Lateralization to bad
ear. Rinne- BC > AC. If your patient is only PCN allergic do azithromycin or clarithromycin.

18
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Ear pressure, popping, muffled hearing, chronic allergic rhinitis, sterile
serious fluid is trapped in the middle ear. TM should NOT BE RED. TM may bulge or retract.
TREATMENT: Oral decongestants, steroid nasal spray, treat like allergies. Usually Painless. Weber-
Lateralization to affected ear. Rinne: BC > AC. PRECEDES OR USUALLY FOLLOWS AOM.
THIS ONE U CAN DO SUPPORTIVE CARE AND WAIT 3 MOS.

19
Q

Otitis Externa (swimmers ear)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (other- S. aureus). External ear pain- d/c
itching, hearing loss, tragus, green d/c. TREATMENT: Corticosporin, Cipro

20
Q

Presbycusis

A

sensorineural loss without lateralization. Involves the inner ear. Symmetrical
progressive. Human speech lost first. AGING ADULT

21
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

A

“stringy; increased tearing” PO antihistamines. Type I sensitivity. Typically,
bilateral. Rhinitis and allergic shiner.

22
Q

Anthrax

A

animals/hides/hair/wool. Lesions begin as papule that enlarges quick 24-48h develops
necrosis and ulceration (sort of like a spider bite recluse)- Treatment: Doxy, Cipro, Levaquin. If you
suspect BIOTERRORISM treat 60 d. Prophylaxis – Cipro, doxy. If BIOTERRORISM 60 d.

23
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

painful lump hurts more with eating (by jaw) aka calculi or salivary stones. Usually in
sub mandibular gland aka Wharton’s duct.

24
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

VERTIGO TINNITUS, HEARING LOSS

25
Q

BBPV

A

DIX HALL-PIKE MANEUVAR

26
Q

SINUSITIS

A

TX AMOXICILLIN OR AUGMENTIN

PCN ALLERGY CEFDINIR OR MACROLIDE

27
Q

MONO

A

Caused by Epstein Barr virus. Goes with strep. Dx with heterophile antibody test

BOARDS (17 decks)

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