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CLINICAL METHODS MIDTERM > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

definition: 2 paired salivary glands that lie superficial to and behind the mandible

A

parotid glands

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2
Q

definition: lies deep to the mandible; can present an airway emergency when enlarged

A

submandibular gland

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3
Q

artery that passes superficially just in front of the ear

A

superficial temporal artery

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4
Q

definition: protect the cornea from drying out, inhibits microbial growth, and gives a smooth optical surface to the cornea

A

tears

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5
Q

tear fluid comes from ________ _______ and drains into the __________ _________ into the ____________ _________ and into the nose via the ____________ _____________

A

lacrimal gland; lacrimal punctum; lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

definition: innermost layer of the eye; layer that eyeball focuses light onto

A

retina

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7
Q

definition: controls pupillary size

A

muscles of the iris

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8
Q

definition: controls the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near and distant objects

A

ciliary body

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9
Q

fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

A

aqueous humor

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10
Q

the posterior part of the eye; contains the retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels

A

fundus

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11
Q

name the three compartments of the ear

A
  1. external ear
  2. middle ear
  3. inner ear
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12
Q

contains the auricle, ear canal, tympanic membrane

A

external ear

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13
Q

contains ossicles (incus, malleus, stapes) and eustachian tune which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

middle ear

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14
Q

contains the cochlea (senses and codes vibrations) and cochlear nerve (receives nerve impulses which are sent to the brain)

A

inner ear

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15
Q

which pathway of hearing starts at the external ear through the middle ear?

A

the conductive phase

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16
Q

which pathway of hearing involves the cochlea and cochlear nerve (CN VIII)?

A

the sensorineural phase

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17
Q

the medial wall of each nasal cavity is formed by the __________ __________

A

nasal septum

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18
Q

the lateral wall of the nose is formed by the _____________ and their corresponding meatus

A

turbinates

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19
Q

principle functions of the nose

A

cleansing, humidification, and temperature control

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20
Q

lies under the tongue; connects tongue to floor of mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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21
Q

how many teeth does a normal adult have?

A

32

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22
Q

how many teeth does a normal child have?

A

20

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23
Q

what three structures form the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

mandible, sternomastoid muscle, and midline of the neck

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24
Q

what three structures from the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

sternomastoid muscle, clavicle, and trapezius muscle

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25
Q

muscle that crosses the lower portion of the posterior triangle; can be mistake for lymph node

A

omohyoid muscle

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26
Q

the great vessels (internal/external jugular, carotid artery) lie just below what muscle?

A

sternomastoid muscle

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27
Q

hyperopia/presbyopia

A

farsightedness

28
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

29
Q

ex: cerumen (wax), otitis externa, squamous cell carcinoma, perforation of eardrum, cholesteatoma

A

conductive hearing loss

30
Q

ex: viruses (rubella and CMV), drugs (ahminoglycosides, loop diuretics), trauma/noise exposure

A

sensorineural hearing loss

31
Q

usually associated with upper respiratory infections

A

sore throat

32
Q

can be caused by local lesions or systemic illness

A

sore tongue

33
Q

caused by diseases of the larynx or extra laryngeal lesions pressing on laryngeal nerves

A

hoarseness

34
Q

symptoms: temperature intolerance/sweating, new palpitations or change in weight

A

thyroid dysfunction

35
Q

test used to measure visual acuity. pt 20ft from chart, cover an eye and read smallest line

A

Snellen eye chart

36
Q

what should you be able to see with an opthalmoscopic exam?

A

optic disc, retina (arteries, veins, and macula)

37
Q

what cranial nerve are you testing when you ask the pt to stick out their tongue and observe for symmetry?

A

CN XII

38
Q

what cranial nerve are you testing by observing the rise of the soft palate when patient opens mouth and says “ah”?

A

CN X

39
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: dry cough

A

possible tracheobronchial compression

40
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: easy bleeding

A

epistaxis risk

41
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: GERD

A

aspiration risk

42
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: longstanding DM

A

limited cervical mobility

43
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: loud snoring

A

prone to soft-tissue obstruction/obstructive sleep apnea

44
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: major trauma

A

unstable neck, limited safe mobility

45
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: radiation to the neck

A

fibrosis, immobility of larynx

46
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: recent temporal craniotomy

A

limited mandibular mobility

47
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: smoking

A

salivation, cough, laryngospasm

48
Q

clue to a difficult intubation: undigested food returning to mouth

A

aspiration risk from pharyngeal pouch

49
Q

full visibility of tonsils, uvula and soft palate

A

mallampati I

50
Q

visibility of hard and soft palate, upper portion of tonsils and uvula

A

mallampati II

51
Q

soft and hard palate and base of the uvula are visible

A

mallampati III

52
Q

only hard palate visible

A

mallampati IV

53
Q

acceptable thyromental distance

A

≥ 6cm

54
Q

acceptable mouth opening

A

≥ 3cm

55
Q

definition: increased adrenal cortisol production produces a round “moon” face with red cheeks, also may have excessive hair growth on face

A

cushing’s syndrome

56
Q

definition: face is edematous and often pale. swelling first appears around the eyes and in the morning. eyes may become slit like when swelling is severe

A

nephrotic syndrome

57
Q

definition: swelling is anterior to earlobes and above angles of jaw (unilateral)

A

parotid gland enlargement

58
Q

definition: increased growth hormone production causes enlargement of bone and soft tissues, not the head is elongated usually with prominence of the forehead, nose, lips and ears

A

acromegally

59
Q

definition: decreased facial mobility; blunts expression; mask-like faces

A

parkinson’s disease

60
Q

drooping of upper lid caused by myasthenia graves, damage to the oculomotor never, or damage to the sympathetic nerve supply = hornet’s syndrome

A

ptosis

61
Q

protrusion of the eyeball, a common feature of grave’s disease

A

exophthalmos

62
Q

opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil; risk factors: old age, smoking, diabetes, corticosteroid use

A

cataract

63
Q

limits based on pupillary reaction

A

glass eye

64
Q

a firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue extending beyond the area of injury; common among dark skinned people

A

keloid

65
Q

a deposit of uric acid crystals characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout, can appear on ears, joints, hands and feet

A

tophi

66
Q

in chronic RA, loof for on the ears, as well as ulna distal to the elbow, knees, and heels

A

rheumatoid nodules

67
Q

may show a telangiectatic vessel, ulcer, rarely metastasizes. frequent in fair-skinned people with over exposure to sunlight

A

basal cell carcinoma

CLINICAL METHODS MIDTERM (5 decks)

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