Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARMACOLOGY > HEAVY METAL POISONING > Flashcards

HEAVY METAL POISONING Flashcards

1
Q

Arsenic poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Inhibits cellular respiration by binding to sulfhydryl groups and interfering with enzymes like pyruvate dehydrogenase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arsenic poisoning - Clinical features

A

Gastrointestinal symptoms, garlic odor on breath, hypotension, QT prolongation, and chronic exposure causing skin changes (hyperpigmentation, keratosis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arsenic poisoning - Antidote

A

Dimercaprol or succimer (DMSA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lead poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Interferes with heme synthesis and causes oxidative stress by replacing essential cations like calcium and zinc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lead poisoning - Clinical features

A

Abdominal pain, anemia (basophilic stippling), neurological symptoms (wrist/foot drop, cognitive decline), and lead lines on gums (Burton’s lines).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lead poisoning - Antidote

A

Dimercaprol, EDTA, or succimer (DMSA) for chelation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mercury poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Binds sulfhydryl groups, disrupting proteins and enzymes, especially in the nervous and renal systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mercury poisoning - Clinical features

A

Neurological symptoms (tremors, memory loss, erethism), acrodynia (painful extremities), and renal damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mercury poisoning - Antidote

A

Dimercaprol or succimer (DMSA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iron poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Generates free radicals through Fenton reaction, leading to oxidative damage to cells and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron poisoning - Clinical features

A

Vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, metabolic acidosis, and multiorgan failure in severe cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Iron poisoning - Antidote

A

Deferoxamine (chelating agent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Copper poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Promotes oxidative damage through free radical generation and disrupts cellular processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Copper poisoning - Clinical features

A

Nausea, vomiting, hemolysis, and hepatic or renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Copper poisoning - Antidote

A

Penicillamine or trientine; zinc for Wilson’s disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thallium poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Disrupts cellular potassium uptake and causes mitochondrial dysfunction.

17
Q

Thallium poisoning - Clinical features

A

Hair loss, neuropathy, gastrointestinal symptoms, and seizures.

18
Q

Thallium poisoning - Antidote

A

Prussian blue (ferric hexacyanoferrate).

19
Q

Cadmium poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Interferes with calcium metabolism, leading to oxidative stress and kidney damage.

20
Q

Cadmium poisoning - Clinical features

A

Renal damage (proteinuria), lung disease (emphysema), and skeletal damage (Itai-itai disease).

21
Q

Cadmium poisoning - Antidote

A

No specific antidote; supportive care and chelation with EDTA in severe cases.

22
Q

Chromium poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Causes oxidative stress and DNA damage by generating free radicals.

23
Q

Chromium poisoning - Clinical features

A

Respiratory symptoms (bronchitis, nasal septum perforation), and dermatitis upon chronic exposure.

24
Q

Chromium poisoning - Antidote

A

No specific antidote; supportive care and decontamination.

25
Q

Zinc poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Excess zinc disrupts copper absorption and enzyme function, leading to oxidative damage.

26
Q

Zinc poisoning - Clinical features

A

Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and copper deficiency with chronic exposure.

27
Q

Zinc poisoning - Antidote

A

No specific antidote; supportive care.

28
Q

Aluminum poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Disrupts calcium metabolism and impairs neurological function.

29
Q

Aluminum poisoning - Clinical features

A

Neurotoxicity, bone pain, and anemia, especially in dialysis patients.

30
Q

Aluminum poisoning - Antidote

A

Deferoxamine (chelates aluminum).

31
Q

Gold poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Interferes with immune function and cellular processes.

32
Q

Gold poisoning - Clinical features

A

Dermatitis, stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, and renal damage.

33
Q

Gold poisoning - Antidote

A

Dimercaprol or penicillamine.

34
Q

Nickel poisoning - Mechanism of toxicity

A

Generates reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage and hypersensitivity.

35
Q

Nickel poisoning - Clinical features

A

Dermatitis, respiratory symptoms, and carcinogenic effects with chronic exposure.

36
Q

Nickel poisoning - Antidote

A

No specific antidote; supportive care.

PHARMACOLOGY (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions