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Physics > heating, particles, presure > Flashcards

heating, particles, presure Flashcards

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1
Q

equation for density

A

density= mass / volume

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2
Q

unit of density

A

g/cm3 or kg/m3

1g/cm3 = 1000kg/m3

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3
Q

what does the average density of an object determine

A

whether it floats or sinks

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4
Q

if a solid object floats on a liquid what does it mean

A

means object has lower density than liquid

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5
Q

what does an object sinking mean

A

object has a higher density than its surroundings

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6
Q

equation for pressure

A

pressure = Force/ Area

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7
Q

unit of pressure

A

pascals (Pa) / kilopascals (kPa)

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8
Q

what can 1 Pa be defined as

A

1 N/m2

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9
Q

how does pressure act in gasses and liquids at rest

A

pressure at any point acts equally in all directions

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10
Q

in gases + liquids as the depth increases what happens to the pressure

give examples of places of high pressure and place of low

A

depth increases = pressure increases

eg. pressure is higher at the bottom of the sea then at surface & lower high up in the atmosphere

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11
Q

what is pressure difference

A

the difference in pressure between 2 points in liquid or a gas

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12
Q

equation for pressure difference

A

pressure difference= height (depth) x density ( of liquid) x gravitational field strength

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13
Q

what is the unit for pressure difference

A

Pascals (Pa)

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14
Q

describe particles in a gas

A

almost no forces of attraction
lots of energy
free to move around
travel in random direction at high speeds

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15
Q

describe particles in a liquid

A

weak forces
close together but can move past each other
irregular arrangements
move in random directions at low speeds

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16
Q

describe particles in a solid

A

strong forces
close together
fixed regular arrangement
not much energy= only vibrate around fixed positions

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17
Q

what does heat energy do to particles

A

particles vibrate faster

forces overcome and particles start to move around

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18
Q

what is the particle theory say about gasses

A

very small particles

moving in completely random directions

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19
Q

what do particles in a gas do

A

constantly collide with each other, and with the walls of their container

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20
Q

what happens if you increase the temperature of a gas

A

you gives its particles more energy

21
Q

what happens if you double the temp of a gas ( kelvins )

A

you double the average kinetic energy of the particles

22
Q

what is the rule for temp of gas and av. kinetic energy of its particles

A

temp of gas ( in kelvins ) is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles

23
Q

what type of energy does anything moving have

A

kinetic energy

24
Q

equation for kinetic energy

A

1/2 x mass x volume2

25
Q

what motion supports the particle theory

A

Brownian motio

26
Q

what is Brownian motion

A

particles in liquids + gasses moving randomly.

larger particles can be moved by smaller surrounding particles

27
Q

what is the coldest temp anything can get

A

-273 degrees C

28
Q

what is -273 degrees C aka

A

absolute zero

29
Q

how much kinetic energy do atoms have at absolute zero

A

as little kinetic energy as its possible to get

30
Q

what is absolute 0 the start of

A

the kelvin scale

31
Q

what is the similarities in Kelvin and degrees C

A

a temp change of 1 degrees C = temp change of 1 Kelvin

32
Q

what is the difference between the 2 temp scales

A

is where the 0s occure

33
Q

how do you convert degrees C to Kelvin

A

+273

34
Q

how do you convert Kelvins to degrees C

A

-273

35
Q

what does the particle theory say about colliding gas particles

A

colliding gas particles create pressure

36
Q

what happens to gas particles when the collide with something

A

they exert a force on it and the momentum + direction change

37
Q

what happens to gasses in a sealed container

A

gas particles smash against container walls = outward pressure

38
Q

what does the pressure of a gas in a container depend on

A

how fast the particles are going and how often the collide with walls

39
Q

what happens if you heat a gas ( leading to something to do with pressure )

A

particles move faster = more kinetic energy= more harder frequent collisions= more pressure

40
Q

what is the rule about the temp (in K) and pressure of a gas

A

temp ( in K ) and pressure are proportional = double the temp u double the pressure

41
Q

what happens if you put the same amount of gas in a bigger container

A

pressure decrease ( fewer collision between particles and walls of container )

42
Q

what happens if the volume of container reduces

A

pressure increases

43
Q

what is boyles law equation

A

p1V1=p2V2

44
Q

what is boyles law in words

A

volume is inversely proportional to pressure ( half the pressure double the volume or half the volume double the pressure)

45
Q

definition of specific heat capacity

A

energy required to change the temp of an object by 1 degree C per kg of mass

46
Q

what is the specific heat energy equation

A

Amount of energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temp

47
Q

what is temperature

A

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

48
Q

what is the equation pressure and temp (in K)in a sealed container

A

p1 / T1 = p2 / T2

Physics (8 decks)

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