Heath Related Behaviour And Adherence Flashcards
What is health related behaviour?
Anything that may promote good health or lead to an illness
Give some examples of health related behaviours
Smoking Exercise Practicing safe sex Going to screening clinics Taking drugs
Name the 2 social cognition models
Health belief model
Theory of planned behaviour
What are the limitations of conditioning theories?
Don’t account for: cognitive processes, knowledge, beliefs, memory, attitudes or expectations
Don’t account for social context
Describe the cognitive dissonance theory
Discomfort felt when a person holds inconsistent beliefs and/or the actions or events occurring do not match their beliefs
How can health campaigns use cognitive dissonance theory?
Give uncomfortable information to the public to create mental discomfort
This can prompt a change in behaviour
What is the health belief model based on?
Threat - perceived susceptibility and severity
Behaviour - perceived benefits and barriers
Describe the theory of planned behaviour
Beliefs/evaluation of outcomes leads to an attitude towards the behaviour
Subjective norm and perceived control
These 3 factors lead to intention to perform a behaviour
What is the intention-behaviour gap?
The theory of planned behaviour is a good predictor of intentions but a poor predictor of behaviour
Intentions are not always translated into behaviour
Describe the stages of change model (transtheoretical)
The way people think about health behaviours and the willingness to change is not static
5 stages that people may pass through: contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse
(There is also precontemplation - before you have even considered changing your behaviour)
Define adherence
The extent to which patient behaviour coincides with medical advice
When do we see the worst non-adherence?
When trying to target health behaviour or diet
What are the problems with measuring adherence?
What counts as adherence?
Treatment usually continues over a period of time
Lack of consistency in measures
Hard to compare studies for different conditions with different treatments
What are the direct measures of adherence?
Observation
Urine or blood test
What are indirect measures of adherence?
Pill counts
Mechanical/electronic measures of dose
Patient self report/ second hand reports (carers etc)
Name some of the many contributing factors to adherence
Illness Treatment Patient Psychosocial Health care
What things contribute to treatment factors?
Preparation (waiting etc)
Immediate character (complexity, duration, expense)
Administration
Consequences (side effects, stigma)
Give examples of unintentional non-adherence
Memory
Dexterity for taking them
Problems accessing prescription
What is concordance?
Nature of the interaction between clinician and patient
Negotiation of treatment regime with patient beliefs and priorities respected
Patient actively involved in making decisions
Give examples for how clinicians can increase concordance
Define the problem clearly Convey any equipoise Describe all options Give consequences of no treatment Provide info how the patient likes it Check pt understanding Elicit pt concerns and expectations Give pt time to consider
