Diversity, Stereotypes And Ageing

Question 1

Define stereotype

Answer 1

A generalisation we make about specific social groups (that we are not part of)

Question 2

Why do we use stereotypes?

Answer 2

Knowledge is stored as mental representations
Organised into schemata (groups of related info)
Saves ‘processing power’, makes the environment more predictable, allows anticipation and avoids information overload
Overlooks diversity
Prone to emphasis on negative traits and are resistant to change

Question 3

Name some stereotypes of ageing

Answer 3

Intellectual deterioration
Cannot adapt to change
Personal stagnation
Introverted

Question 4

When does the decline in IQ accelerate?

Answer 4

After the age of 70

Question 5

What is the most age sensitive component of intelligence?

Answer 5

Processing speed

Question 6

Describe crystallised and fluid intelligence

Answer 6

Crystallised = highly learnt skills and general knowledge 
Fluid = problem solving without prior training or exposure

Question 7

What are the negative effects of retirement?

Answer 7

Don’t earn money
Social network decreased
Lowered self esteem
Loss of status

Question 8

What are ascribed roles?

Answer 8

Roles that are given to us independent of what we do

Eg. Daughter

Question 9

What are acquired roles?

Answer 9

Roles that we attain through experience and social recognition

Question 10

What is prejudice?

Answer 10

The emotional response that we have to a particular stereotype.

Question 11

Summarise the cognitive changes observed in old age

Answer 11

Lowering of IQ
Decrease in fluid intelligence
Reduced processing speed

Question 12

What is culture based on?

Answer 12

Heritage
Individual circumstances
Choice

Question 13

Name some consequences of not understanding the patient’s diversity

Answer 13

Miscommunication 
Non-compliance
Not understanding the pt perspective
Rejection of the HCP 
Conflict or isolation

Question 14

Name some pressures on young people with regards to culture

Answer 14

Conform to family's religion/practices
Conform to expected gender roles
Conform to social norms 
Conform to family expectation 
Sexual orientation 
Impending forced marriages

Question 15

Define sexual orientation

Answer 15

The gender(s) that you are attracted to
(May be life-long or may change over time)

Question 16

Sexual attraction includes 3 main areas of …

Answer 16

Feelings
Behaviour
Identity

Question 17

What percentage of the population is thought to be LGB?

Answer 17

5-7%

Question 18

Describe the gender binary model

Answer 18

There are 2 separate categories of gender: male and female

Clearly distinguished by anatomy

Question 19

Define gender identity

Answer 19

Someone’s internal perception and experience of their gender

Question 20

Define gender role/expression

Answer 20

The way a person lives in society and interacts with others

Question 21

Define transgender

Answer 21

An umbrella term for those whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from their birth sex

Question 22

Define transsexual

Answer 22

Being born one gender but feeling a constant and overwhelming desire to transition and fulfil their life as a member of the opposite sex

Question 23

Why might discrimination of the LGBT community lead to poorer health?

Answer 23

Increased stress
Low self esteem 
Isolation 
Increased conflict 
Sub-cultures (recreational drugs?)
Distrust of authorities 
Health care unavailable

Question 24

Why do lesbians need smear tests?

Answer 24

Because HPV can be transmitted between women
(Can lead to cervical cancer)
Many have had sex with men before

Question 25

Being a good doctor to the LGBT community includes:

Answer 25

Validating the patient's identity 
Do not pathologise or moralise
Confidentiality 
Respect 
Knowledge