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Heat Transfers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only transferred.

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2
Q

What are the types of energy stores?

A

Magnetic
Thermal
Chemical
Kinetic
Electrostatic
Elastic potential
Gravitational potential
Nuclear

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3
Q

What are magnetic energy stores?

A

Energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.
e.g. fridge magnet

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4
Q

What are thermal energy stores?

A

Total kinetic & potential energy of particles in an object, mostly this is the vibrations (kinetic energy) of particles. In hotter objects, the particles have more internal energy & vibrate faster.
e.g. stoves

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5
Q

What are chemical energy stores?

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds.
e.g. food

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6
Q

What are kinetic energy stores?

A

Energy of a moving object.
e.g. comets

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7
Q

What are electrostatic energy stores?

A

Energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart.
e.g. thundercloud

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8
Q

What are elastic potential energy stores?

A

the energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed
e.g. compressed springs

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9
Q

What are gravitational potential energy stores?

A

energy of an object at height
e.g. aeroplanes

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10
Q

What are nuclear energy stores?

A

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

What are the 3 rules for sankey digrams?

A
  • name all energy inputs & outputs with values
  • useful energy arrow goes across, wasted energy arrow goes down
  • must always be to scale
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12
Q

What is the arrangement of a solid like?

A

organised in a pattern, all touch

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13
Q

What is the arrangement of a liquid like?

A

no pattern, all touch

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14
Q

What is the arrangement of a gas like?

A

very spread out, random arrangement

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15
Q

What is the level of kinetic energy in a solid?

A

low

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16
Q

What is the level of kinetic energy in a liquid?

A

medium

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17
Q

What is the level of kinetic energy in a gas?

A

high

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18
Q

What are the forces between particles like in a solid?

A

very strong

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19
Q

What are the forces between particles like in a liquid?

A

medium

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20
Q

What are the forces between particles like in a gas?

A

very weak

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21
Q

What is the movement of particles like in a solid?

A

vibrate on the spot

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22
Q

What is the movement of particles like in a liquid?

A

flow

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23
Q

What is the movement of particles like in a gas?

A

move a lot, randomly

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24
Q

What is the shape of a solid like?

A

holds it shape

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25
What is the shape of a liquid like?
flow to fit it's container, doesn't hold its shape
26
What is the shape of a solid like?
doesn't fit it's container, doesn't hold its shape
27
What is the density of a solid like?
high
28
What is the density of a liquid like?
medium
29
What is the density of a gas like?
low
30
Can a solid be compressed?
no
31
Can a liquid be compressed?
no
32
Can a gas be compressed?
yes
33
What is the volume of a solid like?
it has a fixed volume
34
What is the volume of a liquid like?
it has a fixed/defined volume
35
What is the volume of a gas like?
it doesn't have a fixed/defined volume
36
What is temperature a measure of?
average kinetic energy of particles
37
What happens to an object when it's heated?
internal energy increases, each particle has more energy to move faster and spread out more
38
How are heating curves produced?
by heating a substance at a constant rate and measuring its temperature
39
What is boiling?
happens at boiling point, throughout entire volume, bubbles
40
What is evaporating?
happens at any temp., only at surface
41
What is heat?
thermal energy
42
How can heat be transferred?
conduction convection radiation
43
During a heat transfer, what temperature does it move from?
hot to cold
44
When is the only time that thermal energy happens?
difference in temp. of warmer to colder area
45
How does conduction work?
2 things at different temp.s touch & transfers energy directly from material in hotter object to material in colder object at point of contact
46
Which states are affected by conduction?
solids & liquids, as particles are close together
47
Example of conduction
boiling water on stove top in metal pot
48
How does convection happen?
areas heating/cooling greater than their surroundings. happens by air moving
49
Which states are affected by convection?
liquids & gases, particles are made to flow, so can move from place to place
50
Example of convection
air balloon
51
How does radiation happen?
carries energy from origin to surrounding space, energy is carried by electromagnetic waves & doesn't involve movement or interaction of matter
52
Which states are affected by radiation?
all, because of their vibrational & rotational movement of their molecules & atoms
53
Example of radiation
warming of Earth by sun
54
What happens when a substance changes state?
there is no temp. change, energy is used for making/breaking chemical bonds
55
What happens to a particle when heated?
energy will increase particles will move around faster density will increase
56
In convection, what does losing heat cause?
- particles lose kinetic energy - they vibrate less - particles spread less, so density increases - particles sink to bottom
57
In convection, what does adding heat cause?
- particles gain kinetic energy - they vibrate more - particles spread more, so density decreases - particles float to top
58
What material does conduction happen best in?
metals, they have free electrons to pass on the energy
59
When does an object give off more radiation?
when it is hotter
60
Which surfaces reflect more radiation?
shiny
61
Which surfaces absorb more radiation?
dull, black
61
What is specific heat capacity?
how many J of thermal energy are needed to raise the temp. of 1kg of substance by 1C

Physics (21 decks)

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