Heat Exchangers, Cooling Towers, Boilers, Furnaces, Electricity And Motors

Question 1

A device used to transfer heat

Answer 1

Heat Exchanger

Question 2

Heat Exchanger Types: 5

Answer 2

Fin Fan- air cooled heat exchanger
Plate and Frame- series of thin plates separating fluid
Double pipe- small pipe inside larger pipe
Reboiler- heat added to a liquid to boil out vapor
Shell and Tube- fluid moves through tubes surrounded by fluid

Question 3

Most common heat exchanger

Answer 3

Shell and Tube

Question 4

Parts of shell and tube

Answer 4

Tube buddle
Tube sheet 
Baffles
Spacer rods
Tube inlet
Tube outlet
Shell
Shell inlet
Shell outlet
Exchanger head

Question 5

How exchanger works

Answer 5

Uses conduction
Uses convection
You want turbulent flow

Question 6

Most common types(6)

Answer 6

Reboiler-bottom of distillation primary use is to convert liquid to vapor and control temperature, pressure, and product quality

Pre-heater- warm liquids before entering

After cooler- remove heat created during compression

Condenser- condense vapor into liquid

Chiller- cool fluid below ambient

Interchanger- process to process

Question 7

Distillation

Answer 7

Separate the vapor

Question 8

Backflushing

Answer 8

Water runs backwards through exchanger to remove deposits and reduce fouling

Question 9

Cooling Towers

Answer 9

Lower temperature of water

Question 10

Main purpose of cooling towers

Answer 10

To remove excess heat from process cooling water

Question 11

Three types of open circuit cooling towers

Answer 11

Natrual draft
Forced draft
Induced draft

Question 12

Distributes incoming water evenly on top of tower

Answer 12

Water distribution header and cells

Question 13

Breaks water into smaller droplets as it falls which creates greater surface exposure

Answer 13

Fill (splash bars)

Question 14

Used in forced or induced towers

Answer 14

Fans

Question 15

Minimize water loss

Answer 15

Drift eliminators

Question 16

Replaces lost water

Answer 16

Make up water

Question 17

Base if the cooling tower which stores cool water until pumped

Answer 17

Basin

Question 18

Filter out debris outlet of basin

Answer 18

Suction screen

Question 19

How cooling towers work

Answer 19

Endothermic process which liquids is changed into gas

Question 20

Chemicals added to water

Answer 20

Chemical treatment

Question 21

Water is taken out of basin to reduce concentration levels of water also is continuous or periodically

Answer 21

Blowdown

Question 22

What can impact cooling tower

Answer 22

Air temperature
Humidity
Wind velocity and direction
Water contamination
Cooling tower design

Question 23

Heat exchangers that use cooling medium to lower temperature

Answer 23

Coolers, condensers, chillers

Question 24

Cooling tower hazards

Answer 24

Improper treatment of cooling water

Improper valve operation

Ruptured tubes

Question 25

Increase the temperature of process steams

Answer 25

Primary application

Question 26

A apparatus in which heat is liberated and transferred directly or indirectly to a fluid mass to increase the process steam

Answer 26

Furnace

Question 27

How a furnace works

Answer 27

Burns fuel inside firebox

Process fluids are pumped through tubes inside the firebox

Heat is transferred through the walls of the tubes to the process fluids via conduction

Product of combustion flows from the firebox up the stack to the atmosphere

Question 28

Two main sections of furnace

Answer 28

Radiant and convection

Question 29

The lower portion where heat is transfer is through radiation

Answer 29

Radiant Section

Question 30

Portion where the burners are located and radiant heat occurs

Answer 30

Fire box

Question 31

Brick like insulation used at high temperatures

Answer 31

Refractory lining

Question 32

Located in firebox that recieve heat through radiant heat transfer

Answer 32

Radiant tubes

Question 33

Devices used to introduce, distribute, mix air, fuel and flame in firebox

Answer 33

Burners

Question 34

Controls fuel gas flow and pressure to burners

Answer 34

Fuel gas valve

Question 35

Ignite burner fuel

Answer 35

Pilot

Question 36

Main source of air to furnace

Answer 36

Air registers

Question 37

Measure firebox pressure, airflow, and differential pressure between outside of furnace and flue gas inside

Answer 37

Draft guage

Question 38

When steam is used to remove combustibles from firebox prior to start up

Answer 38

Furnace purging

Question 39

Upper proportion of furnace where heat transfer is through convection

Answer 39

Convection section

Question 40

Seperate convection and radiant tubes

Answer 40

Shock bank

Question 41

Outlet on top of furnace

Answer 41

Stack

Question 42

Regulate air flow

Answer 42

Damper

Question 43

Furnace types

Answer 43

Natural Draft
Forced draft
Induced draft
Balanced draft

Question 44

Flames from burner touches tubes

Answer 44

Flame impingement

Question 45

Overheated tubes or areas due to flame impingement

Answer 45

Hotspot

Question 46

Closed vessels where water is boiled and converted into steam under control conditions

Answer 46

Boilers

Question 47

How a boiler works

Answer 47

Uses combustion of heat and pressure to convert water to steam

Simple boilers consist of heat source, water drum, water inlet and steam outlet

Water drum is partially filled with water and heat is applied

Steam forms a leave drum and used in processes

Make up water is added to water drum

Question 48

Parts of boiler

Answer 48

Fire box

• refinery brick
• radiant tubes
• burners
• pilot
• air registers
• fans

Stack
- damper

Steam drum
Economizer 
Mud drum
Downcomers
Risers
Superheater
De-superheater
Superheated steam

Question 49

Two types of boilers

Answer 49

Fire tube and Water tube

Question 50

Two types of boiler fuel

Answer 50

Fuel gas is the most common

Process gas

Question 51

Hazards of boiler

Answer 51

Failing of purging firebox prior to start up can can cause loss of boiler feed water

Before you start the boiler it should have a sufficient supply of boiler feed water