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Introduction To Process Tech > Heat Exchangers, Cooling Towers, Boilers, Furnaces, Electricity And Motors > Flashcards

Heat Exchangers, Cooling Towers, Boilers, Furnaces, Electricity And Motors Flashcards

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1
Q

A device used to transfer heat

A

Heat Exchanger

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2
Q

Heat Exchanger Types: 5

A

Fin Fan- air cooled heat exchanger
Plate and Frame- series of thin plates separating fluid
Double pipe- small pipe inside larger pipe
Reboiler- heat added to a liquid to boil out vapor
Shell and Tube- fluid moves through tubes surrounded by fluid

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3
Q

Most common heat exchanger

A

Shell and Tube

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4
Q

Parts of shell and tube

A 
Tube buddle
Tube sheet 
Baffles
Spacer rods
Tube inlet
Tube outlet
Shell
Shell inlet
Shell outlet
Exchanger head
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5
Q

How exchanger works

A

Uses conduction
Uses convection
You want turbulent flow

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6
Q

Most common types(6)

A

Reboiler-bottom of distillation primary use is to convert liquid to vapor and control temperature, pressure, and product quality

Pre-heater- warm liquids before entering

After cooler- remove heat created during compression

Condenser- condense vapor into liquid

Chiller- cool fluid below ambient

Interchanger- process to process

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7
Q

Distillation

A

Separate the vapor

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8
Q

Backflushing

A

Water runs backwards through exchanger to remove deposits and reduce fouling

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9
Q

Cooling Towers

A

Lower temperature of water

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10
Q

Main purpose of cooling towers

A

To remove excess heat from process cooling water

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11
Q

Three types of open circuit cooling towers

A

Natrual draft
Forced draft
Induced draft

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12
Q

Distributes incoming water evenly on top of tower

A

Water distribution header and cells

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13
Q

Breaks water into smaller droplets as it falls which creates greater surface exposure

A

Fill (splash bars)

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14
Q

Used in forced or induced towers

A

Fans

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15
Q

Minimize water loss

A

Drift eliminators

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16
Q

Replaces lost water

A

Make up water

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17
Q

Base if the cooling tower which stores cool water until pumped

A

Basin

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18
Q

Filter out debris outlet of basin

A

Suction screen

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19
Q

How cooling towers work

A

Endothermic process which liquids is changed into gas

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20
Q

Chemicals added to water

A

Chemical treatment

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21
Q

Water is taken out of basin to reduce concentration levels of water also is continuous or periodically

A

Blowdown

22
Q

What can impact cooling tower

A 
Air temperature
Humidity
Wind velocity and direction
Water contamination
Cooling tower design
23
Q

Heat exchangers that use cooling medium to lower temperature

A

Coolers, condensers, chillers

24
Q

Cooling tower hazards

A

Improper treatment of cooling water

Improper valve operation

Ruptured tubes

25
Q

Increase the temperature of process steams

A

Primary application

26
Q

A apparatus in which heat is liberated and transferred directly or indirectly to a fluid mass to increase the process steam

A

Furnace

27
Q

How a furnace works

A

Burns fuel inside firebox

Process fluids are pumped through tubes inside the firebox

Heat is transferred through the walls of the tubes to the process fluids via conduction

Product of combustion flows from the firebox up the stack to the atmosphere

28
Q

Two main sections of furnace

A

Radiant and convection

29
Q

The lower portion where heat is transfer is through radiation

A

Radiant Section

30
Q

Portion where the burners are located and radiant heat occurs

A

Fire box

31
Q

Brick like insulation used at high temperatures

A

Refractory lining

32
Q

Located in firebox that recieve heat through radiant heat transfer

A

Radiant tubes

33
Q

Devices used to introduce, distribute, mix air, fuel and flame in firebox

A

Burners

34
Q

Controls fuel gas flow and pressure to burners

A

Fuel gas valve

35
Q

Ignite burner fuel

A

Pilot

36
Q

Main source of air to furnace

A

Air registers

37
Q

Measure firebox pressure, airflow, and differential pressure between outside of furnace and flue gas inside

A

Draft guage

38
Q

When steam is used to remove combustibles from firebox prior to start up

A

Furnace purging

39
Q

Upper proportion of furnace where heat transfer is through convection

A

Convection section

40
Q

Seperate convection and radiant tubes

A

Shock bank

41
Q

Outlet on top of furnace

A

Stack

42
Q

Regulate air flow

A

Damper

43
Q

Furnace types

A

Natural Draft
Forced draft
Induced draft
Balanced draft

44
Q

Flames from burner touches tubes

A

Flame impingement

45
Q

Overheated tubes or areas due to flame impingement

A

Hotspot

46
Q

Closed vessels where water is boiled and converted into steam under control conditions

A

Boilers

47
Q

How a boiler works

A

Uses combustion of heat and pressure to convert water to steam

Simple boilers consist of heat source, water drum, water inlet and steam outlet

Water drum is partially filled with water and heat is applied

Steam forms a leave drum and used in processes

Make up water is added to water drum

48
Q

Parts of boiler

A

Fire box

  • refinery brick
  • radiant tubes
  • burners
  • pilot
  • air registers
  • fans

Stack
- damper

Steam drum
Economizer 
Mud drum
Downcomers
Risers
Superheater
De-superheater
Superheated steam
49
Q

Two types of boilers

A

Fire tube and Water tube

50
Q

Two types of boiler fuel

A

Fuel gas is the most common

Process gas

51
Q

Hazards of boiler

A

Failing of purging firebox prior to start up can can cause loss of boiler feed water

Before you start the boiler it should have a sufficient supply of boiler feed water

Introduction To Process Tech (2 decks)

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