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ChE 122 > Heat Engines > Flashcards

Heat Engines Flashcards

1
Q

They operate on a cycle.

A

heat engines

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2
Q

The best known reversible cycle is the?

A

Carnot cycle

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3
Q

these are devices or machines that produce work from heat in a cyclic process

A

heat engines

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4
Q

No process is possible which consists solely in the transfer of heat from one temperature level to a higher one.

A

CLAUSIUS STATEMENT

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5
Q

The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always ________ the efficiency of a reversible one operating between the same two reservoirs

A

less than

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6
Q

heat engines are devices or machines that produce __________________ in a cyclic process

A

work from heat

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7
Q

The Kelvin–Planck and the Clausius statements are _________________ in their consequences, and either statement can be used as the expression of the second law of thermodynamics.

A

equivalent

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8
Q

A _________________________________ is defined as one that completely eliminates friction and other dissipative forces to maintain motion forever due to its mass inertia

A

perpetual motion machine of the third kind

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9
Q

A _________________________________________ is a machine that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir

A

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

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10
Q

examples of high temperature source

A

solar energy, oil furnace, nuclear reactor

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11
Q

Thermal energy reservoir a hypothetical body with a relatively large thermal energy capacity that can supply or absorb _______________ of heat without undergoing any change in temperature

A

finite amounts

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12
Q

The first law of thermodynamics requires that energy be ___________ during a process

A

conserved

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13
Q

A perpetual motion machine of the third kind is defined as one that eliminates friction and other dissipative forces to maintain motion forever due to its?

A

mass inertia

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14
Q

Thermal energy reservoirs are also called?

A

heat reservoirs

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15
Q

a reservoir that absorbs energy in the form of heat

A

heat sink

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16
Q

examples of heat source

A

Industrial Furnace or Boiler

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17
Q

A perpetual motion machine of the first kind produces work without the input of?

A

energy

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18
Q

A ____________________________________________________ produces work without the input of energy

A

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

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19
Q

The area bounded by the process curves represents the ______________ done by the system

A

net work

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20
Q

The Kelvin–Planck and the Clausius statements are equivalent in their consequences, and either statement can be used as the expression of the?

A

second law of thermodynamics

21
Q

A heat engine operating as described in a ______________________ manner is very special and is called a Carnot engine.

A

completely reversible

22
Q

The __________, thus the cycle efficiency, can be maximized by using processes that require the least amount of work and deliver the most, that is, by using reversible processes.

A

net work

23
Q

They reject the remaining waste heat to a low-temperature sink

A

heat engines

24
Q

a → b

A

Reversible Adiabatic Compression

25
Q

a measure of the performance of a heat engine which is the fraction of the heat input that is converted to net work output

A

thermal efficiency

26
Q

We have repeatedly stated that a process cannot take place unless it satisfies both?

A

first and second laws of thermodynamics

27
Q

c → d

A

Reversible Adiabatic Expansion

28
Q

A perpetual motion machine of the third kind is defined as one that completely eliminates ______________ and other _______________ to maintain motion forever due to its mass inertia

A

friction, dissipative forces

29
Q

Any device that violates the Kelvin–Planck statement also violates the ______________________ , and vice versa

A

Clausius statement

30
Q

Two conclusions pertain to the thermal efficiency of reversible and irreversible (i.e., actual) heat engines, and they are known as the?

A

Carnot principles

31
Q

a hypothetical body with a relatively large thermal energy capacity that can supply or absorb finite amounts of heat without undergoing any change in temperature

A

Thermal energy reservoir

32
Q

They convert part of this heat to work (usually in the form of a?)

A

rotating shaft

33
Q

The characteristics of such an ideal engine were first described by __________________________ in 1824

A

Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot

34
Q

Thermal energy reservoir is a hypothetical body with a relatively large ________________ capacity that can supply or absorb finite amounts of heat without undergoing any change in temperature

A

thermal energy

35
Q

They receive heat from a high-temperature source

A

heat engines

36
Q

No apparatus can operate in such a way that its only effect (in system and surroundings) is to convert heat absorbed by a system completely into work done by the system

A

KELVIN-PLANCK STATEMENT

37
Q

Any device that violates either law is called a?

A

perpetual-motion machine

38
Q

examples of heat sink

A

Bodies of water (oceans, rivers, etc), and Atmosphere

39
Q

The second law of thermodynamics asserts that processes occur in a certain direction and that energy has ___________________ as well as _____________

A

quality, quantity

40
Q

A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine that there is only one _________________ involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir.

A

heat reservoir

41
Q

The net work, thus the ________________, can be maximized by using processes that require the least amount of work and deliver the most, that is, by using reversible processes.

A

cycle efficiency

42
Q

The efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating between the same two reservoirs are?

A

the same

43
Q

two types of thermal energy reservoirs

A

heat source and heat sink

44
Q

They convert part of this heat to work

A

heat engines

45
Q

The net work, thus the cycle efficiency, can be maximized by using processes that require the least amount of work and deliver the most, that is, by using _____________________

A

reversible processes

46
Q

a reservoir that supplies energy in the form of heat.

A

heat source

47
Q

d → a

A

Reversible Isothermal Compression

48
Q

b → c

A

Reversible Isothermal Expansion

49
Q

A heat engine operating as described in a completely reversible manner is very special and is called a?

A

Carnot engine

ChE 122 (8 decks)

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