Heat Budget

Question 1

What would the Earth Surface temperature be

Answer 1

18C

Question 2

Average temperature of the earth’s surface

Answer 2

14C due to energy recycling within atmosphere by greenhouse gases

Question 3

Thermal radiation

Answer 3

Function of the temperature of the object (absolute temperature )

Question 4

Absolute temperature

Answer 4

C+273

Question 5

Heat radiated at the latitude of Arctic Ice

Answer 5

About 65% of heat radiated at the latitude of the Coral Sea

Question 6

Earth in steady state

Answer 6

Heat input from the sun must be balanced by head lost by atm./ocean/land. Therefore, transport of heat from the tropics to higher latitudes, in the atmosphere and ocean

Question 7

Lower 10km of he atmosphere (troposphere)

Answer 7

Air temperature typically decreases upwards at a rate of 6.5/km

Question 8

High temperature water- energy

Answer 8

Contains more heat which is a form of energy

Question 9

Heat storage- water

Answer 9

Water stores 8 times as much heat as rock

Question 10

Adiabiatic expansion

Answer 10

Matter cooling as it expands

Question 11

Air pressure

Answer 11

The weight of the overlying atmosphere. Pressure decreases with height as there is less air mass above

Question 12

Parcel of air rising through the troposphere

Answer 12

Pressure decreases and it expands. Drop in temperature due to adiabatic expansion of dry air. As it cools, it contracts, becomes denser and sinks

Question 13

Adiabatic expansion of dry air

Answer 13

10/km

Question 14

Adiabatic expansion of moist air

Answer 14

Less than 6.5/km

Question 14

Hadley Cells

Answer 14

Driven by the thermal convection of air that must be warm and moist; precipitation within thundercloud is a necessary part of the system.

Question 15

Effects of continents

Answer 15

Smaller SHC of rocks compared to water, the land cools down and warms up much quicker than the ocean. Continents become hotter than oceans in the summer and cooler in winter. Consequently, convection cells cause winds to blow out of continents in winter and into them in summer

Question 16

Sea surface salinity

Answer 16

High salinity associated with subtropical evaporation and lower salinity due to equatorial rainfall

Question 17

Aphelion

Answer 17

Distant path position to the sun

Question 18

Perihelion

Answer 18

Close path position to the sun