Heat and Temperature: Topics 4-6

Question 1

expand

Answer 1

Substances increase in volume

Question 2

contract

Answer 2

Substances shrink or decrease in volume

Question 3

Solids

Answer 3

Has both a definite volume and shape

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

Has definite volume but no definite shape

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

Has neither a definite volume or shape

Question 6

Expansion and contraction of solids

Answer 6

The same substance will contract and expand at the same rate. Some solids expand and contract more than others.

Question 7

Expansion and contraction of gases

Answer 7

Particles in gases are the farthest apart, allowing them to expand and contract the most out of any other state of matter.

Question 8

Expansion and contraction of liquids

Answer 8

Liquids expand as they warm and contract as they cool, same as the other states of matter. Not all liquids expand and contract at the same rate, but in general liquids expand and contract more than solids and less than gases.

Question 9

Heat Capacity

Answer 9

Amount of thermal energy that warms or cools the object by one degree Celsius. Depends on the mass of the object and material the object is made of.

Question 10

Specific heat capacity

Answer 10

Amount of thermal energy that warms of cools one gram of a material by one degree Celsius. Depends on the material that the object is made of

Question 11

Changes of state

Answer 11

Any pure substance can exist in all three states of matter. Substances can change state by being warmed or cooled

Question 12

Melting/Fusion

Answer 12

Change of state from a solid to a liquid

Question 13

Freeze/Solidification

Answer 13

Change of state from a liquid to a solid

Question 14

Evaporate

Answer 14

Change of state from liquid to gas

Question 15

Condense

Answer 15

Change of state from gas to liquid

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

Change of state from gas to solid or solid to gas

Question 17

Evaporative Cooling

Answer 17

As a liquid heats up the high energy particles evaporate and the remaining liquid cools. The cool liquid then cools the surface on which it is resting.

Question 18

Examples of evaporative cooling

Answer 18

Joggers feel cold as their clothes dry out after getting soaked in a rainstorm
Spraying the roof of a house to cool it off on a hot summer day
Placing a wet cloth on someones forehead to bring down their fever

Question 19

Particle movement in solids

Answer 19

Particles have a regular arrangement and are close together. They vibrate in a fixed spot

Question 20

Particle movement in liquids

Answer 20

Particles move freely but are held together loosely. They vibrate and rotate but often collide with each other because they are close together

Question 21

Particle movement in gases

Answer 21

Particles move independently and are very far apart from each other.

Question 22

Energy source

Answer 22

An object or material that can transfer its energy to other objects

Question 23

Radiation

Answer 23

The transfer of energy without any movement of matter

Question 24

Radiant energy

Answer 24

Energy that is transferred through radiation. Travels and behaves like a wave.

Question 25

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) Examples

Answer 25

Examples include: radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays

Question 26

Thermal conduction

Answer 26

The process of transferring thermal energy through direct collisions between particles. Most commonly occurs in solids.

Question 27

Heat conductors

Answer 27

Materials that speed up the transfer of thermal energy to or from the surroundings. Examples: metals, gold, copper

Question 28

Heat insulators

Answer 28

Materials that slow down the transfer of thermal energy to or from the surroundings. Examples: glass, wood

Question 29

Fluids

Answer 29

Materials that can be poured or that flow from place to place.

Question 30

Convection

Answer 30

A warm fluid moves from place to place, carrying thermal energy with it

Question 31

Convection current

Answer 31

A flow resulting from the rising of warm materials and the sinking of cool materials. (Heat up, cool down)