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NCM 203 RLE > Heat and Cold Application > Flashcards

Heat and Cold Application Flashcards

1
Q

The thermoregulatory center of the body.

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Heat loss from the skin by:

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation

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3
Q

Capillary Permeability (Heat):

A

increase

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4
Q

Capillary Permeability (Cold):

A

decrease

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5
Q

Cellular Metabolism (Heat):

A

increase

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6
Q

Cellular Metabolism (Cold):

A

decrease

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7
Q

Muscle (Heat):

A

relaxes

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8
Q

Muscle (Cold):

A

relaxes and decreases muscle contractility

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9
Q

Inflammation (Heat):

A

increases blood flow

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10
Q

Inflammation (Cold):

A

decreases blood flow and slows bacterial growth

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11
Q

Pain (Heat):

A

decreases by relaxing muscles

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12
Q

Pain (Cold):

A

decreases by numbing the area

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13
Q

Effect (Heat):

A

sedative effect

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14
Q

Effect (Cold):

A

local anesthetic effect

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15
Q

Joints (Heat):

A

decrease stiffness

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16
Q

Joints (Cold):

A

decrease bleeding

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17
Q

Local effects of heat:

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Increase blood flow
  3. Increase oxygen, nutrients, and
    antibodies
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18
Q

Systemic effects of heat:

A
  1. Local application done in a large area
  2. Increased cardiac output and
    pulmonary ventilation
  3. Fainting; atherosclerosis
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19
Q

Other effects of heat:

A
  1. Increases inflammatory process
  2. Promotes soft tissue healing and
    increases suppuration
  3. Increases blood flow, dissipates
    heat
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20
Q

Warning for heat application:

A

Increased capillary permeability (edema formation)

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21
Q

Indications for heat application:

A
  1. Joint stiffness from arthritis
  2. Low back pain
  3. Contractures
  4. Open Wound
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22
Q

Two forms of heat application:

A
  1. Dry heat
  2. Moist heat
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23
Q

Applied locally via heat conduction.

A

Dry heat

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24
Q

Examples of dry heat:

A
  1. Hot water bottle
  2. Aquathermia pad
  3. Disposable heat pack
  4. Electric pad
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25
Q

How full should the hot water bag be filled?

A

2/3 full

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26
Q

Where does the cap of the hot water bag must face?

A

Away from the body of the patient.

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27
Q

When do you remove the hot water bag?

A

After 30 minutes or according to agency protocol

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28
Q

Moist heat can be provided by:

A
  1. Compress
  2. Hot Pack
  3. Soak
  4. Sitz Bath
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29
Q

More recent than heat therapy; effects are opposite with heat with
temperature decreased and vasoconstriction occurs.

A

Cold application

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30
Q

Cold Application is recommended for:

A
  1. Sprain
  2. Strain
  3. Fracture
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31
Q

Symptoms of cold application:

A
  1. Skin pallor
  2. Bluish discoloration
  3. Coolness
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32
Q

Systemic effects of cold:

A
  1. Blood pressure increases
  2. Shivering
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33
Q

Why does blood pressure increase during cold application?

A

Blood is shunted from the cutaneous area to the internal blood vessels.

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34
Q

A generalized effect of prolonged cold (normal to warm patient’s body).

A

Shivering

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35
Q

Variables affecting physiological tolerance to heat and cold:

A
  1. Body part
  2. Size of the exposed body part
  3. Individual tolerance
  4. Length of exposure
  5. Intactness of skin
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36
Q

Body parts that are not temperature sensitive:

A

back of the hand and
foot

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37
Q

Body parts that are temperature sensitive:

A

inner aspect of the wrist and forearm, the neck, and the perineal area

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38
Q

The larger the area exposed to heat and cold, the _____ the tolerance.

A

lower

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39
Q

Ages with the lowest temperature tolerance:

A

very young and very old

40
Q

They have high tolerance but have higher risk for injury.

A

Individuals with neurosensory impairments

41
Q

People feel hot and cold applications the most while the
temperature is changing, after a period of time, tolerance ________.

42
Q

Injured skin areas are _________ to temperature variations.

A

more sensitive

43
Q

Precautions for heat and cold application:

A
  1. Neurosensory impairment
  2. Impaired mental status
  3. Impaired circulation
  4. Immediately after injury or surgery
  5. Open wounds
44
Q

Unable to perceive extreme heat that’s damaging to tissue that resulting to burn.

A

Neurosensory impairment

45
Q

Confused or have an altered level of consciousness and needs monitoring during applications.

A

Impaired mental status

46
Q

Lack the normal ability to dissipate heat via the blood circulation; at risk for tissue damage.

A

Impaired circulation

47
Q

Examples of impaired circulation:

A
  1. Peripheral vascular disease
  2. Diabetes
  3. Congestive heart failure
48
Q

It increases bleeding and swelling.

49
Q

It can decrease blood flow to the wound, thereby inhibiting healing.

50
Q

Contraindications with the use of heat application:

A
  1. First 24 hours after traumatic injury
  2. Active hemorrhage or bleeding
  3. Non-inflammatory edema
  4. Localized malignant tumor
  5. Skin disorder that causes redness
    and blisters
51
Q

Contraindications with the use of cold application:

A
  1. Open wounds
  2. Impaired circulation
  3. Allergy or hypersensitivity
52
Q

Increasing the temperature of a hot
application results to:

53
Q

Decreasing the temperature of a cold application can result in:

A

pain and impairment of circulation

54
Q

Occurs when the maximum therapeutic effect of the hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effect begins.

A

Rebound phenomenon

55
Q

Heat produces maximum vasodilation in how many minutes?

A

20-30 minutes

56
Q

Cold produces maximum constriction in:

A

15°C (60°F)

57
Q

Cold produces maximum constriction in 15°C (60°F); beyond 15°C, ______ occurs.

A

vasodilation

58
Q

Protective mechanism that causes vasodilation in low temperatures.

A

Lewis Hunting Effect

59
Q

Examples of conduction:

A

hot water bags and electric pads

60
Q

Examples of radiation:

A

heat lamps and heat cradles (Dry heat)

61
Q

Examples of conduction:

A

hot compress, sitz bath, and soaks (Moist heat)

62
Q

Return to the client _______ after
starting the heat or cold therapy and observe the local skin area.

A

15 minutes

63
Q

How many minutes before removing cold application?

A

20 minutes

64
Q

Very cold

A

Below 15°C; Ice bags

65
Q

Cold

A

15°C -18°C; Cold pack

66
Q

Tepid

A

27°C - 37°C; Alcohol sponge bath

67
Q

Warm

A

37°C - 40°C; Warm bath, aquathermia

68
Q

Hot

A

40°C - 46°C; Hot soak, irrigations

69
Q

Very hot

A

Above 46°C; Hot water bags for
adults

70
Q

Used in the home, inexpensive yet dangerous.

A

Hot water bag

71
Q

Hot water bag temperature for normal adults:

72
Q

Hot water bag temperature for debilitated or unconscious patients and children under 2 years:

A

40.5°C - 46°C

73
Q

Pad constructed with tubes containing water and is attached by
tubing to an electrically-powered
control unit that has an opening for
water and gauge.

A

Aquathermia pad

74
Q

Commercially prepared; provide heat or cold at a designated time.

A

Hot and cold packs

75
Q

Provide constant, even heat; lightweight, and can be molded to a body part; may burn patient if the setting is too high.

A

Electric pads

76
Q

Metal frame with a row of 25-watt light bulbs; placed over patient and covered with blanket; heat is provided by radiation.

A

Heat cradle

77
Q

Every how many minutes does a patient with a heat cradle assessed?

A

Every 10 minutes

78
Q

Gooseneck lamp with a 60-watt bulb; heat is provided by radiation.

79
Q

These are either filled with ice chips or with ROH based solution.

A

Ice bag, Ice glove, or Ice collar

79
Q

The heat lamp is placed _______ from the area to be heated.

A

45-60cm (18-24in.)

80
Q

Ice collar is for patients who had undergone a:

A

tonsillectomy

81
Q

Moist Heat and Cold applications:

A
  1. Compress
  2. Packs
  3. Soaks
  4. Sitz bath
  5. Cooling Sponge Bath
  6. Tepid Sponge Bath
82
Q

Either warm or cold; moist gauze dressing applied frequently to an open wound; hot compresses are ordered, solution heated to the temperature ordered or agency protocol.

83
Q

If the patient has skin breaks:

A
  1. Sterile technique
  2. Sterile thermometer
  3. Hot compress - hastens healing
  4. Cold compress - prevents bleeding and inflammation
84
Q

A moist cloth applied to the body part; may be hot or cold; usually covered with moisture-resistant
material (plastic wrap).

85
Q

Relieve muscle spasms or pain; reduce pressure of accumulated fluid in a tissue or joint and congestion in an underlying organ.

86
Q

Prevent swelling of tissues.

A

Cold packs

87
Q

Immersing a body part in a solution or wrapping a part in gauze dressings and then saturating the dressing with a solution; a sterile technique.

88
Q

A hip bath; soaks patient’s pelvic area in a special tub or chair usually immersed from the midthighs to the iliac crest or umbilicus.

89
Q

Duration of Sitz bath:

A

15-30 minutes

90
Q

Ideal temperature of a Sitz bath:

A

40°C - 43°C (105°C -110°F)

91
Q

Decreased patient fever through heat loss by air conduction and evaporation; must put water and ROH first to remove body heat rapidly and to dry.

A

Cooling Sponge Bath

92
Q

A bath using tepid water and wash cloth or sponge to reduce fever.

A

Tepid Sponge Bath

93
Q

Temperature of Tepid Sponge Bath:

A

32°C but lowered gradually to 18°C by adding ice chips

94
Q

A local hot water bath which consists of the immersion of the pelvic region of the client who is in a sitting position.

95
Q

Purposes of Sitz bath:

A
  1. Increase local circulation
  2. Reduce swelling
  3. Promote healing
  4. Relax local muscles
  5. Relieve pain.

NCM 203 RLE (5 decks)

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