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Heat Flashcards

1
Q

Thermal agents fall into 2 categories:

A
  1. superficial

2. deep heating agents

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2
Q

Superficial heat reaches the depth at … ?

A

1 cm

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3
Q

Superficial heating agents primarily increase … ?

A

skin and subcutaneous tissues only

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4
Q

Examples of superficial heating agents?

A

hot pack, paraffin, whirlpool & Fluidotherapy

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5
Q

Heating Effects: (6)

A
  1. Pain relief
  2. general relaxation
  3. increased blood flow
  4. increased extensibility of collagen tissue
  5. Increased ROM
  6. decrease muscle spasm
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6
Q

T/F Heating inflamed and edematous limbs may make inflammation and edema worse?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Heat produces mild inflammation and causes tissue to release chemical mediators to promote …

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

The increased ultra-filtration and membrane permeability result in … ?

A

outward fluid flow into intercellular spaces = increasing blood flow to tissues

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9
Q

Increased tissue temperature also leads to .. ?

A

increased metabolism, energy expenditure, chemical activity & theoretically more nutrients which promotes tissue healing

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10
Q

Collagen has an … quality when under stress

A

elastic

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11
Q

If stress is maintained for a long time the tension is … ?

A

Released slightly

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12
Q

If structures are heated while applying a stretch the elongation is … ?

A

Increased

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13
Q

Why must activity/ ROM follow heat application?

A

Since elevated temp without stress has no residual impact on tissue

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14
Q

What degree is best to stretch?

A

112-113 F (114+ is TOO HOT)

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15
Q

What is the basic Law of Heat?

A

Heat moves into Cold

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16
Q

What is needed between the agent and the body for the therapeutic effects to occur?

A

sufficient temperature difference

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17
Q

3 Types of Heat?

A

Conduction, Convection and Conversion

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18
Q

Conduction is the transfer of heat between two bodies that are in … ?

A

DIRECT CONTACT (EX). heating pad

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19
Q

Convection is the transfer of heat between two objects that are in contact where one object is … ?

A

flowing around relative to the other object (EX). Whirlpool

20
Q

Conversion occurs via … ?

A

the conversion of energy to heat (EX). ultrasound

21
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO HEAT:

A
  1. Impaired skin sensation
  2. impaired vascular supply
  3. arterial disease
  4. bleeding disorder
  5. recent or potential hemorrhage
  6. inflammatory conditions
  7. malignancies
  8. very old/young
  9. infections
  10. Pregnancies
  11. If Icy-hot/ Bengay was applied
  12. edema
  13. recent wound or tendon repair
  14. open wounds, burn wounds or recent grafts
22
Q

How many layers are needed between heat and skin?

23
Q

Check on you patient after X and then check every X minutes.

A

3, then every 4 minutes

24
Q

If heat is applied too long, what may happen?

A

the body temp, respiratory and pulse increases. also decreased BP

25
With repeated strong doses of heat, what may happen?
erythema abigne = red mottles pigmentation
26
What may cause edema with heat?
Capillary pressure and cell permeability
27
Advantage of Hot Pack?
They become cooler with treatment (less of a risk of burning)
28
Disadvantage of Hot Pack?
1. Hot pack can be heavy which may aggravate the condition | 2. The area treated is not visible (skin is harder to monitor)
29
Paraffin is what type of Heat?
Conduction
30
Never use Paraffin with what type of injury?
Open Wound
31
T/F Paraffin is able to to deliver as much heat per gram as water - and Y do we are?
False, since paraffin temp is higher than recommended temp for patients
32
Paraffin is specifically helpful for what?
Specific Joint Tightness
33
Advantage of Paraffin?
1. It has uniformity of circumferential heating 2. useful for Distal Extremities 3. Softens skin and scars
34
Explain the Continuous Immersion Technique
7 dip immersions then the patient's hand is allowed to cool to form a coating. The hand is then re-submerged continuously for 15 minutes
35
Explain Dip Immersion without Wrapping
Patient dips hand 10-12 times to form a glove and then is wrapped in wax paper/ plastic bag. A towel is wrapped around everything. The heat will hold for about 15 minutes
36
Disadvantages of Paraffin
1. heat may be excessive and the temp cannot be lowered 2. messy 3. movements must be minimized
37
Indications for Paraffin
1. Subacute and chronic traumatic or inflammatory conditions such as arthritis 2. Hand Trauma 3. Burn Contractures
38
Contraindications for Paraffin
NO open wounds
39
Is Jewelry allowed for any heat treatment?
no
40
Whirlpool allow for?
a convenient source of superficial heat that provides wound cleansing
41
How to apply whirlpool?
hand is immersed in water 102-104 for 20 minutes | Movements can be done in the water
42
Precautions for Whirlpool
1. edema may increase from the dependent position of the extremity 2. Because of the lower temp than what is typically recommended NOT the best choice for stretching goals
43
Fluidotherapy is what type of heat?
Convection
44
How to apply Fluidotherapy?
the hand is immersed in a machine with a grainy medium that circulates by blowing hot air. Treatment is 15-20 minutes. Movement is allowed
45
Contrat Baths are typically used for .. ?
Pain relief for RSD
46
What are Contrast Baths? + it's ratio?
alteration application of hot and cold generally applied by the distal extremities. The Ration is 3:1 (Hot-Cold)
47
Purpose of Contrast Bath?
increase blood flow by opening up the collateral circulation

Splinting (4 decks)

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