Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Splinting > Chapter 19- Peripheral Nerve Injuries > Flashcards

Chapter 19- Peripheral Nerve Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

PNI’s are caused by….? (2)

A
  1. Trauma

2. Entrapment / Compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When a nerve is entrapped in more than one location along the pathway it is a…?

A

Double or Multiple Crush Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are nerves more susceptible to injury

A

Because they move between soft tissue structures and bony prominances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms are PNI’s

A

weakness or paralysis of the muscles (motor branch) sensory loss (sensory branch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Early Symptoms of the compression neuropathy

A

a combination of pain, tingling, numbness & weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How should the Splint be placed for PNI’s?

A

so that tension and stress is decreased on the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The more … the diagnosis the WORSE the prognosis

A

Proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PN have … regeneration potential

A

Excellent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The PNS serves as a transporter of neural impulses between

A

receptors - muscles and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A bundle of Axons in the PNS = ?

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After a Nerve has been injured the changes are called ?

A

Wallerian Degenration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A nerve is surrounded by … ?

A

3 layers - epineurium, perineurium and endonurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A crush injury leaves … intact

A

conduit tissue layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A severed nerve needs

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

First Degree Injury - Neuropraxia

A

Demyelinating Injury with a temporary conduction block (COMPLETE RECOVERY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Axonotmesis - 2

A

Distal Degenration of the injured axon but with almost always complete regeneration (intact endonureum) (COMPLETE RECOVERY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurotmesis - 3

A

Regeneration occurs but is incomplete (endoneurial scarring) (OUTCOMES VARY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4th Degree Injury

A

Axon, Endonuerium and Perinurium are disrupted SURGERY IS RECOMMENDED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

5th Degree Injury

A

Severed Nerve Trunk (No possibility of spontaneous regeneration) NEEDS SURGERY

20
Q

Tinels Sign

A

technique to assess nerve regeneration = gentle tapping along the nerve pathway Distal to Proximal

21
Q

6th Degree Injury

A

a mixed lesion that includes normal fascicles with all OR any of the 5 degrees of Injury

22
Q

Epineurial Repair

A

quick and simple, most common repair - Epineurium is debrided till no signs of damage

23
Q

Perineurial Repair

A

2nd most common repair- the outer and inner epineurium are dissected away from the nerve stumps and the fascicles and matched together

24
Q

End-to End Repair

A

clean nerve ends sutured together

25
Q

End to Side Repair

A

SENSORY RECONSTRUCTION. Proximal stump is sutured to the side of a distal receptor

26
Q

Neurorrhaphy

A

suturing of a divided nerve

27
Q

Neurosensory Flaps

A

innervated flaps that provide sensory feedback

28
Q

Spontaneous PN growth requires … ? (2)

A

axon regrowth and demyelination by Shwann Cells

29
Q

Nerve Grafting

A

provides a regenerating axon with a protective pathway to a distal stump

30
Q

Nerve Conduit

A

connects neural gaps to contain, align and direct the regenerating axons. Autogenius or synthetic material
Early active motion is allowed

31
Q

High Lesion

A

Injury Proximal to the elbow

32
Q

Martin Gruber Connection

A

a portion of the median nerve communicates with the ulnar nerve in the Proximal 1/3 of the Forearm

33
Q

Riche Cannieu Connection

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve and the deep branch of the ulan nerve (intrinsic thenar muscles)

34
Q

MEDIAN NERVE- High

Peace Sign Deformity

A 
Forearm Pronation
Wrist Radial Flexion
PIP Flexion
IF and MF DIP & MCP Flexion 
Thumb IP Flexion 
Thumb MP Flexion 
Volar Sensation
35
Q

MEDIAN NERVE - Low

Ape Hand Deformity

A

IF and MF MCP Flexion
Thumb Opposition & Palmar ABD
Thumb MP Flexion
Volar Sensation

36
Q

ORTHOSIS - FLEXOR TENDONS

A

Wrist/Hand Immobilization Orthosis

37
Q

Pronator Syndrome

A

Compression in the Proximal Forearm = pain/ parathesis in the Volar Forearm and Hand. POSISTIVE TINEL SIGN. ORTHOSIS= Elbow FLXN, Pronation and Wrist Neutral

38
Q

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome

A

MOTOR lesion 2x2 to Trauma
SYMPTOMS= weakness/ paralysis of the FPL and pronator quadrates muscle
CANNOT to tip touch, X make an OK sign

39
Q

CTS

A

volar pain and weakness, numbness, nocturnal burning pain, clumsiness
DIFFICULTY with fine motor manipulation
Positive Tinel’s Sign

40
Q

ULNAR NERVE - High

Claw Hand Deformity

A 
Ulnar wrist flexion 
DIP AND MCP FLX of 4 and 5 
ADD & ABD
Thumb ADD
Thumb MP FLXN
DORSULNAR SENSORY LOSS
Loss of Pinch and grip
41
Q

ULNAR NERVE - Low

A 
MCP FLX of 4 and 5 
ADD & ABD
Thumb ADD
Sensory Loss of Ulnar Aspect
Grip and Pinch
42
Q

Median + Ulnar Nerve Injury =

A

Claw Hand Deformity

43
Q

Contraindications to Heat:

A
  1. Impaired skin sensation
  2. impaired vascular supply
  3. arterial disease
  4. bleeding disorder
  5. recent or potential hemorrhage
  6. inflammatory conditions
  7. malignancies
  8. very old/young
  9. infections
  10. Pregnancies
  11. If Icy-hot/ Bengay was applied
  12. edema
  13. recent wound or tendon repair
  14. open wounds, burn wounds or recent grafts
44
Q

Hot packs must be wrapped in … layers to prevent burning?

A

8-10 layers

45
Q

After making sure your patient is reliable you want to check after … minutes. And check every …. minutes?

A

3 and check every 5

Splinting (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions