Heat

Question 1

Physiologic effects of temperature are dependent on:

Answer 1

extent of temperature rise
rate of energy exchange
volume of tissue exposed

Question 2

Temperature ranges and effects: Vigorous heating __-___ degrees Celsius

Answer 2

40-45

Question 3

Temperature ranges and effects: Tissue damage > ___ degrees Celsius

Answer 3

45

Question 4

Temperature ranges and effects: Mild heating < ____

Answer 4

40

Question 5

As heat increases, what else increases? (3 things)

Answer 5

Cell activity, metabolism, blood flow,

Question 6

If temperatures reach 45-50 degrees Celsius, then tissues can __

Answer 6

Burn

Question 7

Local spinal cord reflex

Answer 7

Decreased sympathetic activity may affect remote areas (reflex heating) and increase skin blood flow

Question 8

Heat transfer methods

Answer 8

Conduction-Heat transfer from direct contact
Convection-Heat transfer through movement
Radiation- Heat transfer without contact or movement
Conversion

Question 9

Type of therapeutic heating agents

Answer 9

Heating pad, hot pack, paraffin

Question 10

Indications for the use of heat modalities

Answer 10

Decrease pain and stiffness, alleviate muscle spasm, increase ROM, improve tissue healing

Question 11

Contraindications (precautions) in area

Answer 11

Decreased/absent sensation
Vascular insufficiency disease
Hemorrhage/active bleeding
Malignancy
Acute inflammation
Infection
Previous use of liniments/heat rubs
Devitalized tissue (e.g after tissue radiation)

Question 12

Clinical decision making: heat vs cold; superficial vs deep heat, wet vs dry heat;

Answer 12

Superficial vs deep heat

Question 13

Documentation on thermal agents should include?

Answer 13

Which thermal agent was used, method of application, duration of treatment, body area treated and patient position, special precautions, or application