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Cardiac > Heart Stuff > Flashcards

Heart Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure in the right atrium during the cardiac cycle

A

0-4mmHg

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2
Q

Pressure in the right ventricle during the cardiac cycle

A

25 Systolic and 4 Diastolic

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3
Q

Pressure in the Pulmonary Artery during the cardiac cycle

A

25 Systolic and 10 Diastolic

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4
Q

Pressure in the left atrium during the cardiac cycle

A

8-10 mmHg

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5
Q

Pressure in the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle

A

120 systolic and 10 diastolic

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6
Q

Pressure in the aorta during the cardiac cycle

A

120 systolic and 80 diastolic

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7
Q

Chronotropic effects

A

Heart Rate

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8
Q

Inotropic Effects

A

Strength of contraction

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9
Q

Dromotropic

A

Conduction Velocity

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10
Q

Parasymapthetic and blood vessels

A

Causes vasodilation ; acetylcholine

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11
Q

Frank starling law

A

More blood in , more blood out. More blood in ventricles stronger contraction

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12
Q

Sympathetic and blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction ; epi and Norepinephrine

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13
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Carotid sinus, aortic sinus, right atrium

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14
Q

What is a baroreceptor?

A

Receptors relay info from blood pressure

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15
Q

What are the three phases of blood clotting?

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation phase

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16
Q

In the first phase of blood clotting what does smooth muscle do to limit bleeding

A

Vasoconstriction

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17
Q

What fibres are exposed when the blood vessel wall is damaged

A

Collagen fibres

18
Q

What happens to collagen fibres when they are exposed

A

Platelets stick to them within 30-60 seconds. These platelets then release a prothrombin activator then prothrombin activates then thrombin then fibrinogen then fibrin

19
Q

What does thrombin do

A

It’s like a molecular scissor that cuts fibrinogen into fibrin

20
Q

What’s fibrins job

A

To reinforce the clot as the remodelling occurs to heal the damaged wall

21
Q

Where are platelets formed ? Where are prothrombin formed?

A

Platelets = bone marrow prothrombin=liver

22
Q

What part of the second phase requires vitamin k for its production

A

Prothrombin

23
Q

How many litres of blood in the typical human

A

5 liters

24
Q

Red blood cells

A

45% of blood , erythrocytes, derived from stem cells in bone marrow. Travels far in body until being replaced 120 days later.

25
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes, primary role defense

26
Q

Platelets

A

Contain enzymes important in clotting. Clump together and stick to damaged walls. Continuously replaced circulates 9-12 days until being removed by the spleen

27
Q

Hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation (blood clotting)
28
Q

Von willebrand factor (vwf)

A

Helps platelets adhere to damaged blood vessels. Carries clotting protein VIII

29
Q

Serotonin

A

Enhances vascular spasm

30
Q

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A

Attracts more platelets to the site

31
Q

Thromboxane A2

A

ASA works here. Enhances spasm and attracts more platelets to the site

32
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

Takes 60 seconds. Very lose build up until fibrin arrives to reinforce

33
Q

Two pathways to prothrombin activator

A

Intrinsic (slower) and extrinsic (faster). Both pathways lead to Factor X

34
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Removes uneeded clots when healing has occurred

35
Q

Drugs that effect blood clotting mechanisms

A
  1. Anti coagulants , 2. Platelet inhibitors , 3. Thrombolytics
36
Q

% of red blood cells vs plasma

A

55% plasma , 45% red blood cells

37
Q

Lub Dub

A

Lub = S1 AV valves close Dub= S2 semi lunar valves close

38
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of blood pumped out of each ventricle with contraction

39
Q

How long is systole and diastolic

A

Systole = 0.1 second Diastolic = 0.7 sec

40
Q

EDV end diastolic volume

A

Amount of blood in ventricle during diastole

41
Q

ESV End systolic volume

A

Amount of blood remaining in ventricle after contraction

42
Q

ESV End systolic volume

A

Amount of blood remaining in ventricle after contraction

Cardiac (3 decks)

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