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*CARDIOLOGY > HEART SOUNDS > Flashcards

HEART SOUNDS Flashcards

1
Q

S1 represented by which on the QRS?

A

R wave

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2
Q

Which side of the stethoscope is best to listen to high pitch S1/S2, aortic/mitral murmurs?

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

Which side of the stethoscope is best used to listen to low pitch sounds S3/S4, mitral stenosis murmurs?

A

Bell

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4
Q

Lub dub tuh is which ❤️sound

A

S3

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5
Q

Tuh Lub Dub is which ❤️sound

A

S4

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6
Q

Which area of the ❤️is best to auscultate for the splitting of S2 during inspiration?

A

Pulmonic Area

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7
Q

Which area of the ❤️is best to auscultate for the S3/S4, mitral stenosis murmurs?

A

Tricuspid and mitral area

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8
Q

When using the bell to listen for S3 sounds, is it best to use light or firm pressure?

A

Light

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9
Q

Why would I ask my patient to sit up and lean forward with auscultation?

A

To listen for aortic and pulmonic murmurs

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10
Q

Systolic murmurs are caused by which area of stenosis?

A

Aortic and pulmonic stenosis

Tricuspid and mitral regurgitation

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11
Q

Crescendo decrescendo murmurs are heard in?

A

Aortic stenosis

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12
Q

Systolic ejection murmur is heard in?

A

Aortic stenosis

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13
Q

If a murmur radiates to my neck/carotid area what’s the cause?

A

Aortic stenosis

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14
Q

Aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, tricuspid and mitral stenosis occurs during which phase of the ❤️cycle?

A

Diastole

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15
Q

Halo/pan systolic murmurs are best heard where?

A

Apex of the ❤️

Also known as the mitral area

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16
Q

If a murmur radiates to my axilla/armpit which murmur is it?

A

Mitral regurgitation

17
Q

Which ventricle is the workforce of the body?

A

Left ventricle

18
Q

Describe mitral regurgitation

A

As S1 occurs blood flows backwards in LA because the MV doesn’t close fully.
The Pressure in LV > than LA when the AV is closed.
The AV opens up but the pressure difference remains unchanged causing regurgitation to occur the entire cycle.
The LA becomes compliant.
Flat murmur occurs because the intensity of the blood flow does not change.

19
Q

During MV Prolapse what causes the mid systolic click?

A

Tension of the cordae tendinae prevents leaflets from fully collapsing into LA

20
Q

A mid systolic click with a late systolic murmur is heard during which condition?

A

MV prolapse?

21
Q

Describe aortic stenosis

A

MV closes and the ❤️begins to close against a closed valve. When enough pressure build up the AV snaps open causing and ejection click.
Blood begins to flow and as the force increases the murmur increases.
When filling is completed the murmur decreases.
Hence crescendo-decrescendo name

22
Q

Which condition causes early diastolic murmur?

A

Aortic regurgitation

23
Q

A decrescendo murmur is heard during which condition?

A

Aortic regurgitation

24
Q

Describe aortic regurgitation

A

AV doesn’t close fully and the pressure in the aorta is > the LV
And this is where the murmur is more intense in sound
The intensity decreases as the pressure in LV eventually increases due to simultaneous filling from the LA

25
Q

What is pre-systolic accentuation?

A

At the end of diastole when the atria contracts to push the remaining blood into the LV

26
Q

Opening snap with a mid diastolic rumble is heard during which condition?

A

Mitral stenosis

27
Q

Describe mitral stenosis

A

MV doesn’t close fully and the pressure in LA > LV at the start of diastole
The leaflets snap open and rapid filling occurs
This causes a rumble
As the pressure begins to equalize the murmur decreases
Finally the intensity increases again as the LA contracts to push out the remaining blood (pre-systolic attenuation)

28
Q

Volume overload occurs during which abnormal ❤️sound?

A

S3

29
Q

Define concentric hypertrophy and it’s cause

A

When the ❤️ contracts again increases pressure it increase in size making the ventricle stiff

Causes such as HTN

30
Q

Pressure overload occurs during which abnormal ❤️sound?

A

S4

31
Q

Ventricular gallop and atrial gallop refers to which abnormal ❤️sounds?

A

S3 and S4

32
Q

S3 is heard when?

A

After S2

33
Q

S4 occurs when?

A

At the end of diastole when the LA is contracting to send blood into a stiff LV
Right Before S1

34
Q

Describe the occurrence of S4

A

The ❤️contracts against increased pressure causing concentric hypertrophy.
The sound is heard @ the end of diastole when the LA is contracting to send blood into the stiff LV right before the start of S1

35
Q

A patient should lay in which position to best gear S3 and S4?

A

Left lateral decubitus

*CARDIOLOGY (5 decks)

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