CCRN CARDIOLOGY Flashcards
Atrial pressure is reflective of the end-diastolic pressure for _________________
the respective ventricles in the absence of AV valve disease
Right atrial pressure (RAP) reflects
Right Ventricular Preload
Left atrial pressure (LAP) reflects
Left Ventricular Preload
Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP ) is an indirect measurement of?
Left atrial pressure (LAP) and therefore left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
Normal Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP )
8 to 12mmHg
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAs) is reflective of
The right ventricle because it is the pressure generated by the right ventricle to open the pulmonic valve
Pulmonary artery dyastolic pressure (PAd) is reflective of
The pulmonary valsculature because it is the pressure in the pulmonary artery
What is monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor?
Prevents the enzyme from removing neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonine and dopamine from the brain making the chemicals available to effect changes in both cells and circuits that have been impacted by depression.
What kind of test is helpful to show myocardial damage
echocardiogram
Why would myocardial contusion cause dysrythmias?
trauma -> inflammation -> irritability
ASA inhibits what
platelet aggregation
How does a BETA BLOCKER decrease myocardial O2 consumption?
decreasing heart rate and contractility
How does a NITRATES decrease myocardial O2 consumption?
decreasing preload primarily and maybe afterload (depends on the dosage)
How does a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER decrease myocardial O2 consumption?
decreasing preload and afterload
What is preload?
The volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole also known as the end diastolic pressure
What is sterling’s law of the heart
preload determines the stretch on the myofibrils (filaments that run parallel to form muscle fibers) and the subsequent force of the next contraction
What is afterload?
The pressure against which the ventricle must pump. The pressure required to open the semilunar valve.
1st line of management to treat chronic HTN
diuretics and/or beta blockers
What is the 2nd line of tx for chronic HTN?
ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker
What is the goal in treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Decrease contractility and afterload
Hypertrophy of the heart muscle results in what?
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
What class of meds is frequently prescribed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Calcium channel blockers - verapamil (calan)
Beta Blockers - propranolol (inderal)