Heart Sounds

Question 1

What are the systolic murmurs?

Answer 1

Mid-systolic:
- Aortic stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Atrial septal defect
- HOCM

Pansystolic/Holosystolic:
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- VSD

Late Systolic Murmur:
- Mitral valve prolapse

Question 2

What are the diastolic murmurs?

Answer 2

Early diastolic:
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary regurgitation

Mid diastolic:
- Mitral stenosis
- Tricuspid stenosis

Question 3

What are the continuous murmurs?

Answer 3

• PDA
• AV fistula
• Ruptured sinus of valsalver
• Prosthetic aortic valve