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Organ Systems > Heart pt 1 > Flashcards

Heart pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart location

A

-Posterior to sternum between 2nd and 6th rib

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2
Q

The heart is rotated ___and the ____ half faces anteriorly.

Apex points ___ and ____.

A

Left, Right

Down, left

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3
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space in between lungs, heart located in the middle mediastinum

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4
Q

Pericardium

A

Two types of connective tissue sheaths around the heart

  • Fibrous
  • Serous
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5
Q

3 layers of the heart

A
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
  • epicardium
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6
Q

Serous pericardium function

A
  • Bursa reduces friction (lubricant in pericardial cavity)

- fist in a balloon model

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7
Q

Serious pericardium layers

A
  • parietal layer: outter layer, adhered to inner surface of fibrous pericardium
  • visceral layer: invests heart (also called epicardium
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8
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A
  • thick layer of connective tissue that loosely surrounds heart
  • adheres to sternum, diaphragm and parietal pleura (Long bursa)
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9
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

Myocardium 3 parts

A
  • Bulbospiral muscle- wrings out heart
  • pectinate muscle: thin atrial cardiac muscle fiber
  • trabecular carneae: thick ventricle cardiac muscle fibers on inner surface
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11
Q

Endocardium

A

Connective tissue lining interior surface

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

Connective tissue adhered to exterior surface = visceral serous pericardium

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13
Q

Right heart transports

A

Deoxygenated venous blood to lungs

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14
Q

Left heart transports

A

Oxygenated blood from lungs to peripheral tissues

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15
Q

_____ and ______ maintain one way flow through heart

A

Atrioventricular (AV)

Semilunar valves

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16
Q

Tricuspid AV valve

A

Conducts blood from right atrium to right ventricle

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17
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Conducts blood from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk/arteries

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18
Q

Bicuspid (mitral) AV valve

A

Conducts blood from the left atrium into left ventricle

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19
Q

Aortic valve

A

Conducts blood from left ventricle into aorta

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20
Q

Right atrium:

______ and ______ bring deoxygenated blood from body into atrium

A

Superior and inferior vena cava (SVC and IVC)

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21
Q

Right atrium:

Fossa ovalis

A

Site of foramen, a prenatal aperture that directs blood from right to left atrium

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22
Q

Right atrium:

_____ and _____ contract to push blood into ventricle

A

Pectinate muscles and vestigial auricle

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23
Q

Opening of coronary sinus located in _____

A

Right atrium

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24
Q

Right ventricle:

Tricuspid valve

A
  • 3 cusps
  • papillary muscles
  • cordinae tendinae
  • moderator band (part of bundle of His)
25
Q

Right ventricle:

Trabeculae carnae

A

Dense smooth muscle bundles in wall

26
Q

Right ventricle:

Pulmonary semi lunar valves

A

Guides blood out through pulmonary trunk

27
Q

__ pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood into the Left atrium

A

4

28
Q

_____ atrium has thin walls and little Pectinate muscle

A

Left atrium

29
Q

Location of left auricle

A

Left atrium

30
Q

Left ventricle:

Bicuspid valve has

A

Two cusps and cordinea tendinae a attached to papillary muscles

31
Q

Left ventricle:

Thick layer of ____ and _____

A

Myocardium and Trabeculae carnae

32
Q

Left ventricle:

_____ guides blood through the aorta

A

Aortic semi lunar valve

33
Q

Atrioventricular valves:

Held in place by _____ attached to ____

A

Chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

34
Q

Atrioventricular valves:
_____ separates cusps
_____ closes valves

A

Entry of blood

Ventricular contraction creates pressure that

35
Q

Atrioventricular valves:

Papillary muscle contraction prevents

A

Eversion during systole

36
Q

Stem from aortic sinuses and give off descending branches

A

Right and Left coronary arteries

37
Q

Left coronary artery branches-

A
  • left anterior descending (interventricular) artery

- circumflex artery (“anastomoses” with right coronary artery)

38
Q

Anastomoses

A

where two arteries meet, allows for equal amount of blood flow through the region

39
Q

Right coronary artery branches-

A 
posterior descending (interventricular)
-marginal (inferior margin of hear)
40
Q

Ejection of blood from heart is _____ (contraction)

Filling of the heart is ______

A
  • systole

- diastole

41
Q

Systole valves and function

A
  • atrioventricular valves: contraction increases blood pressure in ventricle, pushing cusps together to close valve
  • semilunar valves: blood ejection pushes cusps aside
42
Q

Diastole valves and function

A
  • AV opens cusps

- Semilunar valves: retro flow from pulmonary trunk and aorta fills sinuses behind cusps and closes valve

43
Q

First heart sound

Second heart sound

A 
Lub= closure of AV valve
Dub= closure of semilunar valve
44
Q

Semilunar valve location

A

-base of pulmonary trunk and aorta

45
Q

aortic/pulmonary sinuses:

A

spaces behind cusps of semilunar valve which catch blood during diastole

46
Q

what creates sound of the heart

A

turbulence, collision of fluids

47
Q

enlarged heart is a compensation for

A

blood not being properly ejected

48
Q

Coronary vein (below) parallels ______ artery
Great cardiac-
Middle cardiac parallels-
Small cardiac parallels-

A
  • anterior descending
  • posterior descending
  • marginal
49
Q

What drains most of the coronary blood into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

50
Q

coronary blood perfusion occurs during

A

diastole as the semilunar valves close

51
Q

coronary atherosclerosis

A

atherosclerotic plaques reduce blood flow and deprive tissue of oxygen downstream from blockage

52
Q

collateral circulation in the heart

A

gradual ischemia induce formation of collateral arteries that compensate for coronary artery occlusion
increased collusion = decreased ability to compensate

53
Q

treatment for blocked coronary arteries

A
  • coronary bypass: inserting a shunt from aorta to affected area beyond occlusion
  • -sections for repair taken from saphenous leg veins for small arteries
  • -internal thoracic arteris repair larger arteries
  • angio plasty
54
Q

angina pecotris

A

“a strangling feeling in the chest”

not enough blood to tissues which accelerates heart and drives more blood through the already occluded system

55
Q

angina symptoms

A

pain pressure heaviness tightness squeezing burning choking assoc. with lack of oxygen precipitated by emotional stress or exertion

56
Q

angina treatment

A

vasodilate arteries

reduce load of heart

57
Q

angina referred pain

A

produced by sensation of somatic sensory pathways co-localized with heart pain pathways at same levels of spinal cord

58
Q

CT Angiography

A

series of X-rays used to mathematically reconstruct the inner densities of an organ with 3D image
clear picture of soft internal structures

59
Q

Echocardiogram

A

sonogram of heart, ultrasound images to assess blood flow

Organ Systems (20 decks)

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