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NURS 203 > Heart & Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Heart & Neck Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Where is the precordium?

A

On the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessel

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3
Q

what are the two continuous loops that blood vessels are arranged in?

A

pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation

when heart contracts it pumps blood into both loops

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4
Q

what are the great vessels?

A 
//major arteries and veins connected to the heart
//located between lungs in middle third of thoracic cage (MEDIASTINUM)
//bunched above base of heart
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5
Q

where is the heart located in the chest?

A

second to fifth intercostal spaces, from right border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line

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6
Q

where does the apex of the heart point?

A

down and to the left

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7
Q

where is the apical impulse?

A

palpable in most people at the fifth intercostal space 7-9 cm from midsternal line

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8
Q

how is the heart positioned in the body?

A

right side is anterior and left is mostly posterior

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9
Q

how many chambers are in the heart?

A

four

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10
Q

which chamber of the heart forms the greatest area of anterior cardiac surface?

A

right ventricle

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11
Q

where does the left ventricle lie?

A

behind the right ventricle to form the apex and slender area of left border

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12
Q

what do the superior and inferior venae cavae do?

A

return unoxygenated venous blood to the right side of heart

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13
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do?

A

leaves right ventricle, bifurcates and carries venous blood to lungs

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14
Q

what do the pulmonary veins to?

A

return freshly oxygenated blood to left side of heart and aorta caries it out of the body

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15
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

tough, fiberous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

has two layers that contain a few milimlitres of serous precardial fluid

adherent to great vessels, esophagus, sternum and pleurae

anchored to diaphram

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16
Q

what is the function of precardial fluid?

A

fills area between two layers of paricardium

ensures smooth, friction free movement of heart muscle

17
Q

what is the myocardium?

A

muscular wall of heart that does pumping

18
Q

what is the endocardium

A

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and valves

19
Q

where does the right side of the heart pump blood/

A

the lungs

20
Q

where does the left side of the heart pump blood?

A

everywhere else

21
Q

what separates the right and left pump of the heart?

A

the septum, which is impermiable

22
Q

what is the atrium?

A

thin walled resevoir for holding blood

23
Q

what is the ventricle

A

thick walled muscular pumping chamber

24
Q

how many chambers are in the heart?

A

four, two atria and two ventricles

25
Q

what are the valves of the heart

A

//tricuspid valve (AV)

//bicuspid or mitral valve (AV)

//pulmonary valve (semilunar)

//aortic valve (semilunar)

26
Q

what are the collagenous fibres that anchor valves?

A

chordae tendinae

27
Q

when do atrialventricular valves open?

A

during filling phase (diastole)

28
Q

when do atrialventricular valves close?

A

during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood back into atria

29
Q

what are the two types of heart valves

A

atrialventricular and semilunar

30
Q

which valves are semilunar valves?

A 
//pulmonic valve 
//aortic valve
31
Q

where is the pulmonic valve?

A

right side of heart

32
Q

where is the aortic valve

A

left side of heart

33
Q

why does pressure in the left and right sides of the heart present different physical symptoms?

A

the sides of the heart circulate to different parts of the body

lack of valves between venae cavae and right atrium can result in bulging neck veins and abdominal distention

lack of valves between pulmonary veins and left atrium produces symptoms of pulmonary congestion, heart failure, abnormally high BP

34
Q

how much of the cardiac cycle does diastole take up?

A

2/3

35
Q

how much of the cardiac cycle does systole take up

A

1/3

36
Q

what are the two components of the cardiac cycle?

A

diastole (filling)

systole (ejection)

NURS 203 (6 decks)

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