Heart & Neck Vessels

Question 1

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Heart and blood vessels

Question 2

Where is the precordium?

Answer 2

On the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessel

Question 3

what are the two continuous loops that blood vessels are arranged in?

Answer 3

pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation

when heart contracts it pumps blood into both loops

Question 4

what are the great vessels?

Answer 4

//major arteries and veins connected to the heart
//located between lungs in middle third of thoracic cage (MEDIASTINUM)
//bunched above base of heart

Question 5

where is the heart located in the chest?

Answer 5

second to fifth intercostal spaces, from right border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line

Question 6

where does the apex of the heart point?

Answer 6

down and to the left

Question 7

where is the apical impulse?

Answer 7

palpable in most people at the fifth intercostal space 7-9 cm from midsternal line

Question 8

how is the heart positioned in the body?

Answer 8

right side is anterior and left is mostly posterior

Question 9

how many chambers are in the heart?

Answer 9

four

Question 10

which chamber of the heart forms the greatest area of anterior cardiac surface?

Answer 10

right ventricle

Question 11

where does the left ventricle lie?

Answer 11

behind the right ventricle to form the apex and slender area of left border

Question 12

what do the superior and inferior venae cavae do?

Answer 12

return unoxygenated venous blood to the right side of heart

Question 13

what does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 13

leaves right ventricle, bifurcates and carries venous blood to lungs

Question 14

what do the pulmonary veins to?

Answer 14

return freshly oxygenated blood to left side of heart and aorta caries it out of the body

Question 15

what is the pericardium?

Answer 15

tough, fiberous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

has two layers that contain a few milimlitres of serous precardial fluid

adherent to great vessels, esophagus, sternum and pleurae

anchored to diaphram

Question 16

what is the function of precardial fluid?

Answer 16

fills area between two layers of paricardium

ensures smooth, friction free movement of heart muscle

Question 17

what is the myocardium?

Answer 17

muscular wall of heart that does pumping

Question 18

what is the endocardium

Answer 18

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and valves

Question 19

where does the right side of the heart pump blood/

Answer 19

the lungs

Question 20

where does the left side of the heart pump blood?

Answer 20

everywhere else

Question 21

what separates the right and left pump of the heart?

Answer 21

the septum, which is impermiable

Question 22

what is the atrium?

Answer 22

thin walled resevoir for holding blood

Question 23

what is the ventricle

Answer 23

thick walled muscular pumping chamber

Question 24

how many chambers are in the heart?

Answer 24

four, two atria and two ventricles

Question 25

what are the valves of the heart

Answer 25

//tricuspid valve (AV) //bicuspid or mitral valve (AV) //pulmonary valve (semilunar) //aortic valve (semilunar)

Question 26

what are the collagenous fibres that anchor valves?

Answer 26

chordae tendinae

Question 27

when do atrialventricular valves open?

Answer 27

during filling phase (diastole)

Question 28

when do atrialventricular valves close?

Answer 28

during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood back into atria

Question 29

what are the two types of heart valves

Answer 29

atrialventricular and semilunar

Question 30

which valves are semilunar valves?

Answer 30

``` //pulmonic valve //aortic valve ```

Question 31

where is the pulmonic valve?

Answer 31

right side of heart

Question 32

where is the aortic valve

Answer 32

left side of heart

Question 33

why does pressure in the left and right sides of the heart present different physical symptoms?

Answer 33

the sides of the heart circulate to different parts of the body lack of valves between venae cavae and right atrium can result in bulging neck veins and abdominal distention lack of valves between pulmonary veins and left atrium produces symptoms of pulmonary congestion, heart failure, abnormally high BP

Question 34

how much of the cardiac cycle does diastole take up?

Answer 34

2/3

Question 35

how much of the cardiac cycle does systole take up

Answer 35

1/3

Question 36

what are the two components of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 36

diastole (filling) | systole (ejection)