Heart Murmurs Flashcards
1
Q
Pansystolic ‘blowing’ murmur heard best at the apex and radiating into the axilla
A
Mitral regurgitation
2
Q
Pan-systolic murmur + left parasternal heave + giant V waves in JVP
A
Tricuspid regurgitation
3
Q
Causes of midsystolic murmurs (6)
A
- Benign (innocent) murmurs
- Increased flow rate across a normal semilunar valve
- Aortic valve sclerosis
- Aortic outflow obstruction
- Pulmonic outflow obstruction
- Dilation of the artic root or pulmonary artery
4
Q
Early systolic murmurs
A
- mitral regurgitation
- tricuspid regurgitation
- ventricular septal defect
5
Q
Late systolic murmurs
A
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Tricuspid valve prolapse
- Ischaemic mitral regurgitation
6
Q
Early diastolic murmur + collapsing pulse + wide pulse pressure
A
Aortic regurgitation
7
Q
2 visual signs of aortic regurgitation
A
- Quincke’s sign (nailed pulsation)
- De Musset’s sign (head bobbing)
8
Q
Early diastolic murmurs
A
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary regurgitation
- Left anterior descending artery stenosis
9
Q
Mid-late diastolic murmur (best heard in expiration)
Loud S1, opening snap
Malar flush
A
Mitral stenosis
10
Q
Mid-diastolic murmurs (6)
A
- Mitral stenosis
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Atrial myxoma
- Increased flow across the AV valve
- Austin-flint murmur
- Left to right shunts
11
Q
Murmur of left to right shunt
A
Mid-diastolic murmur
12
Q
Late diastolic (presystolic) murmurs
A
- Mitral stenosis
- Triscuspid stenosis
- Myxoma
- Complete AV block
