Heart Failure & Drug therapy Flashcards
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of ventricle with each beat/contraction
Cardiac output
total volume pumped in 1 minute
Preload
amount of blood returned to right side of heart at end of diastole
Afterload
pressure that left ventricle has to pump against (resistance it must overcome to circulate blood)
what does ACE inhibitors do?
block ACE from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors med suffix
“pril”
ACE inhibitors
adverse effects
dry cough
what does ARBS do?
blocks angiotensin II receptors
ARBS med suffix
“sartan”
ARBS adverse effects
hyperkalemia, dizziness
what does alpha blockers do?
keeps norepinephrine from tightening muscles in vessel walls
Alpha blockers med suffix
“osin”
Alpha blockers adverse effects
orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headaches
what do beta blockers do?
block effects of epinephrine, slow HR
nonselective (lungs, other organs) & selective (cardio selective)
Beta blocker med safety
DO NOT GIVE NONSELECTIVE BETA BLOCKER TO PT WITH RESPIRATORY ISSUES
Beta blocker med suffix
“lol”
Beta blocker adverse effects
erectile dysfunction, fatigue, weakness
What do calcium channel blockers do?
Med safety
stop calcium from entering heart & artery cells
AVOID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
Calcium channel blockers med suffix
“dipine” with exception of diltiazem & verapamil
Calcium channel blockers adverse effects
hypotension, edema, constipation
Loop Diuretics function
inhibit Na to transport into blood
Diuretic suffix
“ide”
Loop diuretics adverse effects
dehydration, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis
Thiazide diuretics function
increase excretion of Na & water through kidneys
Thiazide meds
hydrochlorothiazide; usually 1st line of treatment for high bp
Thiazide adverse effects
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
Potassium sparing diuretics function
gets rid of excess water, but keeps K in
Potassium sparing meds
Spironolactone (aldactone)
Potassium sparing adverse effects
hyperkalemia
Cardiac Glycosides function
inhibits cell membranes from pumping Na out, which increases Na in cells, increases calcium build up which produces stronger contractions, SLOW HR
Cardiac glycosides med suffix
“in” digoxin, oleandrin
Cardiac glycosides adverse effects
bradycardia, yellow-green vision
Antiplatelet function
prevents platelets from sticking together
used for heart attack, stroke, stent
Antiplatelet meds
aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor
Antiplatelet adverse effects
reyes syndrome, tinnitus
Anticoagulants-warfarin function
inhibits vitamin k
Warfarin pre-tests
PT and INR
Anticoagulants-heparin function
prevents thrombin from converting fibrogen into fibrin
Heparin pre-test
antidote
aPTT
protamine
Heparin adverse effects
anemia
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) function
prevent blood clots
Enoxaparin med safety
has air bubble (on purpose) to distribute better
Thrombolytics function
IMPORTANT factor
dissolves clots
Given within 3 hrs to prevent long term effects
Nitroglycerin
vasodilator
Nitroglycerin drug to drug interactions
DO NOT TAKE VIAGRA while on nitroglycerin causes severe hypotension
Nitroglycerin adverse effects
headaches, dizziness, hypotension
