Heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
heart failure pathophysiology
A
heart fails to pump blood at the rate required by the requirements of the tissue or the tissue is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure
systemic/pulmonary congestion
2
Q
HF o/e
A
dilated pupils anxiety skin pale, grey or cyanotic dyspnoea, orthopnea, crackles, wheeze, cough confusion JVP distention fatigue s3 gallop decreased BP nausea and vomiting ascites decreased UO enlarged liver or spleen dependent pitting oedema weak pulse cool moist skin
3
Q
HF investigation
BOXES
A
Bloods: FBC, U+E, troponin, D-dimer, CRP, group and save, ABG, BNP Output: sputum, urine X: CXR, Echo, CTPA, Ct angio E: ECG S: special test, CURB 65, well's score
4
Q
HF common findings on CXR
A
alveolar shadowing
kerley b lines
cardiomegly
diversion of blood to upp er lobes
5
Q
HF management (acute)
A
A-E
IPODMAN
IV access position oxygen (NIV) diuretics morphine anti emetic nitrates
6
Q
HF management (chronic)
A
conservative patient education MDT nurse specialist optomise comorbidites annaul flu and pneumococcal vaccine
medical ACEi beta blocker aldosterone antagonist loop diuretics
surgical valve repair CABG ICD transplant
