Heart Failure Flashcards
1/2 of pts w/ HF have 1 of 2 problems, which are?
- LV dysfunction = HF w/ reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
2. diastolic dysfunction = HF w/ preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
what kind of ventricles do pts w/ HFrEF often have?
dilated
what kind of ventricles do pts w/ HFpEF often have?
normal systolic contraction and normal size ventricles
are sxs for HFrEF and HFpEF different?
no, they’re the same
what are the features that increase the likelihood of HF and by how much?
- PND (> 2-fold)
- S3 gallop (11-fold)
what features decrease the likelihood of HF by 50% if absent?
- absence of dyspnea on exertion
- absence of crackles on pulmonary auscultation
what features are independently a/w adverse outcomes of HF, including progression of HF?
- elevated CVP
- S3 gallop
what BNP level is compatible w/ HF?
> 500 pg/mL
what BNP level effectively excludes HF?
< 100 pg/mL
what are some possible findings on ECG in a pt w/ HF?
- previous MI
- ventricular hypertrophy
- arrhythmias
- conduction abnormalities
what are some possible findings on CXR in a pt w/ HF?
- cardiomegaly
- pulmonary edema
- pleural effusion
what are some possible findings on echocardiography in a pt w/ HF?
- EF
- valvular heart disease
- HCM
- regional wall abnormalities suggesting CAD
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- what are unusual causes of HF that should NOT be routinely tested for?
- hemochromatosis
- Wilson disease
- MM
- myocarditis
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- can BNP be used to differentiate between HFrEF and HFpEF?
NO
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- should BNP be ordered to monitor HF?
NO