Heart Failure Flashcards
1
Q
Diagnosis of HF?
A
Diagnosis of heart failure requires that the findings of two major criteria, or one major and two minor criteria, cannot be attributed to another medical condition. Major criteria include the following: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Weight loss of 4.5 kg in 5 days in response to treatment Neck vein distention Rales Acute pulmonary edema Hepatojugular reflux S 3 gallop Central venous pressure greater than 16 cm water Circulation time of 25 seconds Radiographic cardiomegaly Pulmonary edema, visceral congestion, or cardiomegaly at autopsy Minor criteria are as follows: Nocturnal cough Dyspnea on ordinary exertion A decrease in vital capacity by one third the maximal value recorded Pleural effusion Tachycardia (rate of 120 bpm) Bilateral ankle edema
2
Q
Etiology of High-Output Heart Failure
A
Severe Anemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Ateriovenous Shunt
3
Q
Etiology of Excessive Preload Heart Failure
A
Mitral Regurgitation, Ruptured Chordae Tendinae
4
Q
Etiology of Excessive Afterload Heart Failure
A
Aortic Stenosis and Uncontrolled HTN
5
Q
How to differentiate heart failure from pulmonary disease?
A
BNP
