Heart Failure

Question 1

Stage A HF pharmacotherapy

Answer 1

ACEi or ARB for vascular disease and renal protection (DM patients)
statins if indicated

Question 2

Stage HF pharmacotherapy

Answer 2

ACEi or ARB

Beta blocker

Question 3

Stage C HF pharmacotherapy

Answer 3

routine use: loop diuretics, ACEi or ARB, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists
in selected patients: hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate, digitalis, amiodarone

Question 4

right sided HF symptoms

Answer 4

fatigue, peripheral edema, ascites, elevated jugular venous P; hepatomegaly, anorexia and GI distress

Question 5

left sided HF symptoms

Answer 5

orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; fatigue, pulmonary congestion, restlessness, confusion, tachycardia, cyanosis, rales, cardiomegaly, S3 gallop

Question 6

Stage A HF classification

Answer 6

Patient at high risk for developing HF with no structural disorder of the heart

Question 7

Stage B HF classification

Answer 7

Patient with structural disorder of the heart without symptoms of HF

Question 8

Stage C HF classification

Answer 8

Patient with past or current symptoms of HF associated with underlying structural heart disease

Question 9

Stage D HF classification

Answer 9

Patient with end-stage disease who requires specialized treatment strategies

Question 10

Diagnostic studies for HF

Answer 10

CBC, serum electrolytes, renal and liver function studies, BNP;
ECG may indicate LVH and LV dysfunction;
Chest radiography to assess heart size, pulmonary congestion;
Echocardiography to evaluate ventricular function and valve abnormalities