Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease 3 > heart failure > Flashcards

heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of heart failure

A

A complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ventricle in filling with or ejecting blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the rate of mortality of heart disease?

A

50% mortality rate in the first 5 years of diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of restrictive pathologies

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Constrictive pericarditis
Tamponade
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the pathologies of heart failure?

A

Restrictive filling
Pressure overload
Volume overload
Contractile impairment
Arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of pressure overload (afterload)?

A

Hypertension
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of contractile impairment

A

Ischemia
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of volume overload (preload)?

A

Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonary regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
Shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 forms of high output heart failure?

A

Anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of cardiomyopathy?

A

Disease of the heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause cardiomyopathys?

A

Ischemia
Hypertension
Disorders that are inherited
Infections
Toxins
Myocarditis
Autoimmunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three patterns of cardiomyopathies?

A

Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the heart respond to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Heart muscle gets larger, adds more sarcomeres
Left ventricle becomes bigger but thinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the heart appear if the dilated cardiomyopathy is genetic?

A

The left ventricle grows rounded
Fibrous
HFrEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What lifestyle choices can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Toxins such as alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed?

A

Chest radiograph
Echocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can dilated cardiomyopathy be managed?

A

Diuretics
Inotropic agents

15
Q

What portion of the heart is affected in genetically induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

The septal walls thicken

16
Q

What do inotropic agents

A

Enhance contractility

17
Q

What does increased afterload do to the myocardium?

A

Increases thickness of the heart wall

17
Q

What is the effect of afterload on cardiac output?

A

Increased muscle mass of the myocardium results in the heart being able to push against a larger afterload
Increased muscle mass reduces the volume of blood that the ventricle is able to hold

18
Q

What is the most common inherited cardiac disorder?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

18
Q

How are restrictive cardiomyopathies tested for and treated?

A

Myocardial biopsy
Treat underlying pathology

19
Q

What can happen if the septum hypertrophies to an extreme level?

A

The ventricular septum can block the aortic valve

20
Q

How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosed?

A

Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterization

21
Q

What is happening in restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Wall thickness and systolic function are normal
Muscle is stiff

22
Q

What can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Appears idiopathically
Appears as cardiac manifestation of systemic disease

23
Q

Describe amyloid cardiomyopathy

A

Amyloidosis causes proteins to misfold and form fibrils that collect and inhibit muscle function resulting in decreased compliance of the myocardium

24
Q

What does restrictive cardiomyopathy cause?

A

Impedes ventricular filling
Raises pressure during diastole

Disease 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions