Heart Failure Flashcards
What are reasons people develop HF
ischemia, infarct, hypertension, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, valve disease, infection, pulmonary or systemic emboli, toxins, or AV fistulas
What are classical symptoms of HF
Dyspnea, fatigue, edema
What are signs of pulmonary congestion
Elavated J P, perioheral edema, ascites
What are 3 types of HF
HFrEF
HFpEF
HFmEF
When is it considered HFeEF-
EF of less than 40%
(EF is the percentage of total blood volume ejected from the heart during systole. If there is 100mL at the end of diastole (end diastolic volume or EDV) and 70mL at the end of systole, 30mL was ejected. This 30mL is your stroke volume (SV). EF=SV/EDV x100 so EF= 30/100 x 100. This is an EF of 30%. There is a reduced amount of blood pumped out to the body because the heart cannot contract well enough to pump blood out.)
These patients have an EF of greater than 50% but still have poor forward flow. If there was 50mL at the end of diastole (EDV) and 30mL was ejected (SV), EF=30/50x100= 60%. Although 60% seems wonderful, especially compared to the 30% above, the same amount (in mLs) is being pumped out. There was simply less blood in the heart to begin with .
HFpEF
patients with EF 41%-49%. These patients are often patients who previously were classified as HFrEF but have recovered some ventricular function with treatment.
HFmEF
No limitation of physical activity, ordinary activity does not cause fatigue, palpitation or dyspnea
Class I
Slight limitation of physical activity, conformable at rest, ordinary activity results in fatigue, palpitation or dyspnea
Class II
Marked limitation of physical activity, comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea
Class III
Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort, symptoms at rest, discomfort increases with any physical activity
Class IV
