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Med Surg 3 > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Heart failure is not a disease but a

A

complex clinical syndrome

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2
Q

Systolic HF has a _____ LV ejection fraction

A

decreased

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3
Q

Diastolic HF has a ______ejection fraction

A

preserved

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4
Q

The primary risk factors for HF is

A

HTN & CAD

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5
Q

____ HF has an inability to pump blood forward

A

Systolic

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6
Q

Systolic HF is caused by

A

impaired contractile function
Increased afterload
cardiomyopathy
mechanical abnormalities

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7
Q

Normal EF should be over ____% if pt. doesn’t have HF

A

60

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8
Q

In HF blood backs up and causes

A

Pulmonary congestion

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9
Q

QRS causes the ____ to pump

A

LV

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10
Q

Mixed systolic and diastolic HF patients need

A

an ICP pace maker because they have so many PVC which can slip into v-tach

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11
Q

Left sides HF is the most common form of HF. It results from

A

empty adequately during systole

fill adequately during diastole

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12
Q

L-sided HF blood backs up into teh LA and Pul. veins and this causes

A

Increased pulmonary pressures which cause fluids leakage –> pulmonary congestion (crackles) and pulmonary edema

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13
Q

Heart failure cause fluid to be in the lungs. It causes the left ventricle to be ____

A

enlarged

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14
Q

Right sided HF can be caused by

A

left-sided HF, cor pulmonale, right ventricular, MI

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15
Q

Backup of blood into the RIGHT atrium and venous systemic circulation

A

Right-sided HF

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16
Q

s/s of R-sided HF

A 
jugular venous distension
hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
GI (N+V)
Ascites
Pain
Dependent Peripheral edema (got to go to ER)
Sudden weight gain (got to ER)
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17
Q

A patient with JVD needs to

A

sit at 90 degrees to breath

need to be at 45 degrees to see the JVD for assessment

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18
Q

HF compensatory mechanism

A

neurohotmal respones
ventricular dilation
ventirular hyperthrophy

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19
Q

20% of cardio output goes to the ____

25% of Co goes to the ____

A

kidneys

brain

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20
Q

No CO to kidneys cause

A

fluid retainsion

21
Q

Enlargement of the chambers of the heart that occurs when pressure in the LV is elevated

A

Ventricular remodeling

22
Q

____ medication is used to protect against ventricular remodeling

A

Lisinopril (ACE inhitbor)

23
Q

S/s of HF

A
  • sob

- fatigue

24
Q

s/s of fluid overload

A
  • pulmonary edema
  • JVD
  • ascites
  • peripheral edema
25
Q

as soon as CO drops the

A

resies actives

fluid retenion

26
Q

HF will cause heart remodeling which affects the _____

A

Ventriculars first

27
Q

NEVER bolus any ____ because it will stop the heart

A

electroylyes

28
Q

The nurse is going to give potassium chloride. The nurse should

A

Get an IV pump
monitor urine output
monitor the VI site for infltration or phlebitis
ensure the med is diluted in the correct volume of fluid
ensure that the bag is labeled

29
Q

If potassium is burning in the IV the nurse should

A

slwo the IV rate down

30
Q

The most common type of HF is

A

Systolic HF

31
Q

what HF are caused by metabolic problems?

A

Systolic and diastolic

32
Q

what HF are caused by metabolic problems?

A

Systolic and diastolic

33
Q

The diagnosis of HF is primarily made based on

A

Symptoms

34
Q

What is the most definitive lab work for HF?

A

BNP

35
Q

dobutamine is a

A

vasoconstrictor

36
Q

What is the priority assessment by a nurse caring for a patient about to get dobutamine

A

blood pressure

37
Q

A patient has JDV, peripheral edema what HF is this

A

Right sided

38
Q

When patient has a low EF can they get digoxin?

A

no

39
Q

a patient with HF taking furosemide. The medication is affected when

A

It reduces preload

40
Q

s/s of pulmonary edema

A

severe dyspnea and blood streaked frothy sputum

41
Q

A patient with acute HF what position do u put the pt in?

A

Sitting postion with arms overbed table

42
Q

What does dopamine help with for a patient w HF

A

will tx: hypotension and tachycardia

43
Q

Coumadin helps by

A

prevent binglood clots from forming in the hear

44
Q

The patient is on coumadin you should check what lab?

A

INR

45
Q

A patient on coumadin the INR should be

A

2-3

46
Q

What drug can not be taken w nitro

A

avoid any erectile dysfunction drugs

47
Q

ACE/ARB can cause

A

dizziness (hypotension)

angioedema

48
Q

What medication decreases preload and afterload?

  • nitro
  • propranolol
  • morphine
  • captopril
A

Nitroglycerin

49
Q

what does a betablocker do

A

lower HR and BP

Med Surg 3 (7 decks)

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