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Med Surg 3 > Coronary Artery Disease > Flashcards

Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Atherosclerosis is a disease associated with injury to which structured or cells

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What factors are known sources of chronic endothelial injury

A
  • HTN
  • Vasoconstriction
  • High cholesterol
  • Cig. smoking
  • High glucose
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3
Q

CAD is most commonly caused by what pathophysiologic event?

A

Atherosclerotic plaque

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4
Q

What medical conditions are considered acute coronary syndromes? SATA

  1. Unstable angina
  2. Aortic aneurysm
  3. MI
  4. HF
  5. PE
A

1, 3,

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5
Q

therapies to increase myocardial perfusion include which goals? SATA

  1. reducing the area of infraction
  2. increasing the likelihood that LV function will be preserved
  3. Decreasing the demand for oxygen by the myocardium
  4. Restoring myocardial tissue perfusion
A

ALL 1,2,3,4

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6
Q

What type of chest pain is not related to physical activity and often occurs at night

  1. variant angina
  2. Stable angina
  3. unstable angina
  4. silent myocardial ischemia
A
  1. Unstable angina
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7
Q

angina Pectoris secondary to atherosclerotic disease. The exertion causes an increase in the heart demand for

A

oxygen

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8
Q

Don’t give nitro if their systolic BP is less than

A

90

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9
Q

What is Mona (for MI tx)

A

morphine
oxygen
nitro
aspirin

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10
Q

A patient is ruled out for MI if which diagnostic findings are present

A

ECG and cardiac markers remain unchanged for 12-24 hours

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11
Q

The client has a 2mm ST-segment depression from baseline. What initial action should the nurse take?

  1. Continue to monitor this is normal
  2. Assess the client and collaborate with the HCP
  3. Administer nitroglycerin as ordered
  4. Move the leads on the ECG
A

2

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12
Q

A client walks up to the nurse’s station and says, “My chest really hurts.” What is the nurse’s first action?

  1. Have the client sit down
  2. Ask the client if he ever experienced this type of pain before
  3. Ask the client if he would like some medication for anxiety
  4. Call the client’s spouse to obtain health information
A

have them sit down!! SAFETY

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13
Q

Patients with ST segment elevation and presence of elevated serum cardiac markers are diagnosed as having ____________________________

A

STEMI

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14
Q

T wave inversion and ST depression (ischemia) in two or more contiguous leads are hallmarks of
______________________________

A

Non-STEMI
It is bc it is DEPRESSION of ST

STEMI would be Elevation

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15
Q

Nursing care priorities of a patient with a diagnosis of ACS are SATA

  1. Relieve chest pain
  2. Reduce myocardial oxygen demand
  3. Offer psychosocial support for patient and family
  4. Reassure patient and family they will be fine and not worry
A

1, 2, 3

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16
Q

How do you calculate MAP

A

{(2x DBP) +SBP} / 3

17
Q

Want MAP above

A

65

18
Q

After cardiac surgery, a client’s blood pressure measures 126/80 mm Hg. The Nurse determines that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is:
_____________________________________________

A

{(80x2) +126} / 3 = 95

19
Q

______ diuretics are the fastest acting

A

loop

20
Q

what do you give a patient with fash Pulmonary edema (HF)

A

oxygen, nitro, morphine and a loop diuretics

21
Q

Cardiac ischemia is characterized on the EKG by

A

inverted T waves or depressed T waves

22
Q

what type of patient other than heart patients have freq. eposides of cardia ischemia

A

Renal failure pt

23
Q

A patient with a recent MI suddenly develops has a loud systolic murmur. Most likely has

  • PE
  • HF
  • ruptured papillary muscle
  • inscreade systemic vascular resistance
A

MI makes a patient go into “HF”

24
Q

Phyical changes that suggest a severe cardiovasular disorder, such as pulmonary edema and heart failure include ________ cyanosis

A

central

25
Q

Examination of a pt. in the supine position shows JVD. This indicates
1 declared venous return
2 increased central venous pressure
3 increased pulomary artery capillary pressure
4 left sided HF

A

JVD is the veins swelling = increased central venous pressure

26
Q

What is the primary consideration when giving thrombolytic therapy to a patient?

A

The time since onset of symptoms

27
Q

Greatest risk within the first 24 hours of sustaining an MI is

A

Ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

Patient has chest pain and a neg troponins. The nurse should…

A

obtain a 12-lead EKG

29
Q

A patient comes into the ED w chest discomfort and nausea

A 
Put him on a stretcher 
Oxygen
cardiac monitor --> shows ST elevation --> STEMI
Cardiac blood draw (troponin and CPK)
check BP and then give Nitro
30
Q

About to go to cath lab what labs do you need first?

A

INR, CBC, BNP,

31
Q

After the cath lab, the patient has poor perfusion in the hand. What do u do?

A

call the HCP

32
Q

Cardia cath ___ will decrease urine output and increase their Cr level

A

dye from cardiac cath will affect the kidneys

Med Surg 3 (7 decks)

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