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T1 Anatomy > Heart EKG > Flashcards

Heart EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What does a P-wave represent?

A

Atrial depolarization and beginning of contraction of both atria

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2
Q

What does the term depolarization mean?

A

Changing myocyte cells from negative to positive

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3
Q

Where does depolarization begin?

A

Right atrium

Specifically SA node

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4
Q

What is the purpose of depolarization?

A

To force muscle cells to contract

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5
Q

What causes myocardial contraction?

A

Depolarization

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6
Q

What is the recovery phase after depolarization?

A

Repolarization

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7
Q

Describe automaticity

A

The generation of peacemaking stimuli

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8
Q

What ionic movement begins depolarization in the right atrium?

A

Movement of Na+ ions

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9
Q

How do the mitral and tricuspid valves act between the atria and ventricles in the conduction system?

A

Electrically insulate ventricles from atria

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10
Q

The ___ node is the only electrical conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles.

A

AV node.

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11
Q

When does depolarization slow?

A

Within the AV node, allowing blood to pass through AV valves into the ventricles

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12
Q

Why does depolarization slow down through the AV node?

A

Carried by Ca++ ions

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13
Q

Where does ventricular conduction begin and then continue?

I.e. what fibers

A

His bundle to the right and left bundle branches

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14
Q

What are the His bundle, right and left bundles made of?

A

Purkinje fibers

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15
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Depolarization of the ventricular myocardium

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16
Q

What ions move through the ventricular for depolarization down the conduction system?

A

Na+ ions

17
Q

How does the electrical conduction system spread out through the ventricular cavities?
(I.e. in to out or out to in?)

A

Endocardium to epicardium

18
Q

What is the T-wave?

A

Rapid phase of ventricular repolarization

19
Q

What is repolarization? (I.e. what ions are involved?)

A

K+ ions leave myocytes

20
Q

When does ventricular contraction (systole) begin?

A

QRS complex, continues to end of T-wave

21
Q

Describe the Q-T interval

A

Good indicator of repolarization, corrected for rate (as QT intervals depend on heart rate)

22
Q

Describe P=R interval

A

Time between atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

23
Q

Describe the S-T segment

A

Initial period of ventricular repolarization, although minimal

24
Q

What is the S wave?

A

A few small areas of the ventricles that are activated at a late stage

25
Q

What do Ca++ ions cause?

A

Myocyte contraction?

26
Q

What do Na+ ion movements do?

A

Produce cell-to-cell conduction of depolarization, except in AV node which is dependent on Ca++ ions

27
Q

In what order does the ventricular muscle repolarization? (I.e. out to in or in to out)

A

Epicardium to endocardium

28
Q

What is the P-R interval

A

Signifies time it takes impulse to pass from atria to ventricles

29
Q

Describe Starling’s Law of the heart

A

Intrinsic mechanisms in cardiac muscle ensure cardiac output = cardiac input from circulation within normal minutes (5 L/min)

Greater input causes greater stretch of muscle, which increases force of contraction and allows for greater amount of blood to be ejected

30
Q

What happens if patient loses myocardial cells (i.e. in myocardial infarction)?

(In relation to Starling’s Law)

A

Part of heart wall not -articulating in electrical conduction, so line will move towards cardiac failure

31
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

Atrial pressure becomes > ventricular pressure

AV valves open filling ventricles

32
Q

What happens during systole?

A

Ventricle pressure > atrial pressure
AV valves close
Aortic valve opens
Blood flows out to aorta and through lungs w/o backing into atria

33
Q

What causes the first lub sound of the heart?

A

Closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves

34
Q

What causes the second lub sound of the heart?

A

Closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

35
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

Opening of the superior vena cava into the right atrium

36
Q

Where it’s he AV node located?

A

Junction f the coronary sinus and right atrium upon the right fibrous trigone

T1 Anatomy (3 decks)

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