Gray’s Review Questions

Question 1

What is Kyphosis?

Answer 1

Abnormal increase in thoracic curvature (hunchback of Norte dame), results from erosion of anterior part of one or more vertebrae, increases the AP diameter of the thorax. Secondary to tuberculosis infection of a thoracic vertebral body (produces the gibbous deformity)

Question 2

Describe scoliosis.

Answer 2

Abnormal lateral curvature, accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae, most common deformity of the vertebral column in pubertal girls

Question 3

Describe lordosis

Answer 3

Accentuated curve of the lumbar spine (think of cat with tail in the air) anterior rotation of the pelvis at the hip joint, results in an abnormal increase in the lumbar curvature

Question 4

What is a crush fracture?

Answer 4

Compression of the entire vertebral body

Question 5

What is a wedge fracture?

Answer 5

Affects vertebral bodies, but involves small fractures around perimeter of the vertebral body

Question 6

What anchors the dens laterally to the atlas?

Answer 6

Transverse ligament

To prevent posterior displacement of the dens

Question 7

Where does the phrenic nerve begin?

Answer 7

C3-C5