Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ther Ex 2 > Heart Disease (Big Red Ch. 13) > Flashcards

Heart Disease (Big Red Ch. 13) Flashcards

1
Q

Normal heart sounds

A
  • S1: mitral and tricuspid valves closing
  • S2: aortic and pulmonary valves closing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Systole

A
  • Between S1 and S2 sounds
  • Contraction phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diastole

A
  • Between S2 and S1 heart sounds
  • Filling phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abnormal heart sounds

A
  • S3: early diastole; CHF
  • S4: late diastole; MI or hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

P wave

A

Sinus node and atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PR segment

A

Conduction through the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

QRS complex

A

Electrical flow through the ventricles causing ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ST segment

A

Initiation of ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T wave

A

Completion of ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reasons to terminate exercise

A
  • Moderately severe or increasing angina
  • Marked dyspnea
  • Dizziness, lightheadedness, or ataxia
  • Cyanosis or pallor
  • Excessive fatigue
  • Leg cramps or claudication
  • Failure of systolic BP to rise as exercise continues
  • Progressive fall in systolic BP >10mmHg with increasing exercise
  • BP >200/>110 mmHg
  • Significant change in cardiac rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signs and symptoms of ACS

A
  • Angina
  • Injury
  • Infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myocardial injury

A
  • Presence of a new MI
  • Tissue is being acutely injured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myocardial infarction

A
  • Old heart attack with irreversibly dead tissue
  • Happens in 20min - 2hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Beta blockers (for ACS)

A
  • Decrease HR and contractility
  • Reduce energy demands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Calcium channel blockers (for ACS)

A
  • Reduce BP
  • Decrease work of the heart
  • Prevent coronary smooth muscle spasm
  • Increase myocardial blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitrates (for ACS)

A
  • Decrease preload and afterload
  • Decrease myocardial work
  • Dilate coronary arteries
17
Q

Signs and symptoms of CHF

A
  • Fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Weight gain
  • Peripheral edema
  • S3 heart sound
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Orthopnea
  • Bendopnea
18
Q

Indications for pacemaker

A
  • HR is too slow
  • HR fails to increase with exercise
  • Blocked electrical pathway resulting in AV delays and bundle branch blocks
  • Avg life span between 5-10 years
19
Q

Sympathetic NS effects on cardiovascular system

A
  • Norepinephrine stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors to increase overall heart activity by increasing HR.
  • Adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine as part of the normal exercise response which increases HR and contractility.
20
Q

Parasympathetic NS effects on cardiovascular system

A
  • Vagus nerve impacts RHR
  • Decreases HR back to normal
21
Q

Abnormal heart beat orientation (?)

A
22
Q

CHF Tx interventions

A
23
Q

Types of exercise that increase BP d/t Valsalva

A
  • isos
  • resistance ex
24
Q

How to safely increase amb walking distance

A

Short duration, frequent intervals

25
Q
  • Normal BP
  • Elevated BP
  • HTN Stage 1
  • HTN Stage 2
A
  • Normal: <120/<80
  • Elevated: 120-129/<80
  • HTN Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
  • HTN Stage 2: >140/>90
26
Q

Risk factors for CAD

A
  • Age (male over 45 yo)
  • Smoking
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • HTN
  • Obesity
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Prediabetes
  • Total serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL
27
Q

Sternal guidelines/precautions

A

Avoid:
- Lifting, pushing, pulling >10lb
- Shoulder flexion >90 with UE weighted
- Scap retraction past neutral
- Trunk flex/rot with supine to sit transfers
- UE use with sit to stand
- Limit driving

Encourage:
- AROM in pain-free range
- Sternal counter pressure (splinting) with cough

28
Q

Ectopic heart beat

A

Originates somewhere other than the SA node

29
Q

What is Digoxin used for? How does it work?

A
  • A fib, cardiac arrhythmias
  • Enhaces parasympathetic activity/depresses sympathetic activity
  • Slows HR, depresses electrical conductivity
30
Q

How do beta blockers affect vitals during exercise? How can you tell if pts are working at an optimal level?

A
  • Keep HR from increasing with exercise
  • Use RPE scale
31
Q

Position contraindicated for CHF and why

A
  • supine, head below chest, especially with legs elevated
  • overloads heart
32
Q

What does an Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) measure? Positive result indicates…?

A
  • ETT measures heart function during exercise, and whether the heart muscle is getting enough oxygen.
  • Positive result indicates ischemia of cardiac muscle.
33
Q

Digox (digoxin) is primarily used to treat…?

A

Atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmias

34
Q

position contraindicated for CHF

A

Supine with legs elevated

35
Q

open pack position for shoulder

A

55° abd, 30° hor add

Ther Ex 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions