Heart Disease? Flashcards
leading cause of death world wide
CAD
cardiomyopathies, 3 forms:
1) dilated 2) hypertrophic 3) restrictive
restrictive cardiomyopathy must be differentiated from what
1) constrictive pericarditis
how do you differentiate constrictive pericarditis?
1) restrictive cardiomyopathy = nL pericardium
2) constrictive pericarditis = thickened pericardium
aortic aneurysms, 3 types:
1) saccular: globular
2) fusiform: long
3) dissection
where do thoracic aortic dissections begin?
ascending aorta
what causes pulmonary arterial htn?
2/2 to emphysema, or recurrent PEs –> pruning of vasculature / pulmonary artery dilation
aortic stenosis, cause:
degeneration of aortic valve –> sycope, angina, dyspnea (ascending aorta may be dilated)
mitral stenosis
rheumatic fever, less common b/c we have antibiotics; can lead to left
essential HTN
leads to CHF, CAD, ARDS = noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,
ARDS
cyanosis, tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia
pulmonary interstitial edema, 4 findings
1) thickening of interlobular septa
2) peribronchial cuffing
3) fluid in the fissures
4) pleural effusions
pulm. alveolar edema, 3 key findings
1) puffy, indistinct, fluffy air space densities
2) butterfly configuration sparing outer lung
3) pleural effusions
causes of pulm edema, 2 categories
1) cardiogenic
2) not
cardiogenic pulm. edema finding
1) pleural effusions
2) Kerley B lines
3) cardiomegaly
4) elevated PCWP (LAtrium)
noncardiogenic pulm. edema
1) uremia
2) DIC
3) smoke inhalation
4) near drowning
5) volume overload
6) malignancy
extra-cardiac causes making the heart appear enlarged
1) AP portable studies
2) weak inspiration
3) abnl of bony thorax
4) pericardial effusion
5) rotation
lateral projection the heart does not overlap spine (true or false)
true
in an infant cardiac is up to 65% of thoracic diameter; true or fulse?
true
thymus gland is seen on infants in upper cardiac silhouette true or false?
true (be mindful of cardiac enlargement)
2 major patterns of CHF
1) pulm. interstitial
2) pulm. alveolar
