Heart Disease Flashcards
Explain the cause of hypertension and prevention
Hypertension Condition in which blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of arteries. rises and falls during the day, and blood pressure stays elevated over a period of time.
[1 mark]
Causes of hypertension
-The causes of hypertension or high blood pressure vary.
-They may include narrowing of the arteries, a greater than normal volume of blood -or the heart beating faster or more forcefully.
-Any of these condition will cause increased pressure against artery walls.
-It is also caused by other medical problems.
-Contributing factors to high blood pressure include stress,
[ any two-2 mark]
Method of preventions
An individual can take steps to prevent high blood pressure by adopting a
healthy lifestyle. These steps include: maintaining a healthy weight staying physically active
-consuming a diet that includes fruit, vegetables - and low fat dairy food/low saturated fat consuming
-selecting and preparing food with less salt.
Explain cause of and methods arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
-Condition in which there is thickening, hardening of artery walls and plaque build-up in the arteries. [1 mark]
Causes of Arteriosclerosis
-Atherosclerosis is a common type of arteriosclerosis.
-This condition is caused by fat, cholesterol and other substances accumulating in the
artery wall and forming ‘atheromas’ or plaques. -This fatty tissue can reduce the elasticity of the artery wall and interfere with blood flow.
-Plaques may rupture causing debris to travel downstream within an artery.
-This is a common cause of heart attack.
-Clots can also form around the plaque deposits, further interfering with blood flow and posing added danger if they break off and travel to the heart, lungs or brain.
[any two-2 m
Method of preventions
Regular exercise
-Low-fat and low-cholesterol diet
-Abstaining from cigarette smoking
-Maintaining a healthy body weight
Cause and way of prevention of atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis occurs when foam cells, smooth muscle cell and lipid deposits accumulate within the inner wall (tunica intima) of arteries.
P2 Deposition of Ca2+ ions into the lesion forms atheromatous plaques.
P3 As the plaque becomes thicker and hardens, narrowing of the arterial lumen occurs. or
P3 Less oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the affected cells as blood flow is reduced.
P4 Several major causes of atherosclerosis include diet with high level of Cholesterol / smoking habit, / diabetes mellitus or high blood glucose level,/age./ decrease in oestrogen level especially after menopause,/ obesity,/ lack of exercise And/ psychological and personal factors such as stress. (ANY 3)
P5 Methods of prevention include reducing intake of food rich in calorie,/ exercising (at least twice a week), /avoiding smoking and alcoholic drinks /and taking food supplements. (ANY
Cause and way of prevention of atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis occurs when foam cells, smooth muscle cell and lipid deposits accumulate within the inner wall (tunica intima) of arteries.
P2 Deposition of Ca2+ ions into the lesion forms atheromatous plaques.
P3 As the plaque becomes thicker and hardens, narrowing of the arterial lumen occurs. or
P3 Less oxygen and nutrients are supplied to the affected cells as blood flow is reduced.
P4 Several major causes of atherosclerosis include diet with high level of Cholesterol / smoking habit, / diabetes mellitus or high blood glucose level,/age./ decrease in oestrogen level especially after menopause,/ obesity,/ lack of exercise And/ psychological and personal factors such as stress. (ANY 3)
P5 Methods of prevention include reducing intake of food rich in calorie,/ exercising (at least twice a week), /avoiding smoking and alcoholic drinks /and taking food supplements. (ANY
