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Embryology > Heart development > Flashcards

Heart development Flashcards

1
Q

The heart tube remains attached to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity by

A

the dorsal

mesocardium

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2
Q

• Later, dorsal mesocardium disappears forming————————- which connects both sides of the pericardial cavity

A

the transverse sinus of the pericardium

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3
Q

Development of heart & embryonic blood vessels begin —————-
week of gestation.

A

during the 3rd

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4
Q

Cardiac progenitor cells lies in

A

These cells lie in the epiblast

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5
Q

They migrate through the

A

primitive streak

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6
Q

Cells reside within the

A 
splanchnic (visceral) layer of lateral
plate mesoderm (Cardiogenic field).
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7
Q

• The cells lie——-the buccopharyngeal membrane and

neural plate

A

anterior to (rostral)

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8
Q

The heart primordium arises predominantly from

A

splanchnic layer of lateral plate

mesoderm

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9
Q

The progenitor cells are transformed into

A

the cardiac myoblasts

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10
Q

The cardiac myoblasts will later form the

A

myocardium of the heart

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11
Q

Vasculogenesis : Blood islands appear in the splanchnic layer of mesoderm

A

to form the blood cells and

blood vessels

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12
Q

• The blood islands unite and form a

A

horseshoe-shaped endothelial-lined heart tube

surrounded by myoblasts

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13
Q

The horseshoe-shaped cardiogenic cords is s surrounded

A

myoblasts

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14
Q

The intraembryonic cavity over the cardiogenic field develops into the

A

pericardial

cavity

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15
Q

The horseshoe-shaped cardiogenic cords later develop into

A

2 endothelial –lined

tubes

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16
Q

Effect of cephalic and lateral folding After cephalic folding, the cardiogenic area becomes———
buccopharyngeal membrane

A

ventral & caudal

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17
Q

• After the lateral folding, the 2 endocardial tubes except at most —— end

A

fuse ———— caudal

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18
Q

• Most caudal regions

A

receive the venous drainage (inflow tract).

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19
Q

Most cranial region

A

expand and join to the 2 dorsal aortae (outflow

tract)

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20
Q

The developing heart bulges more into the

A

pericardial cavity

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21
Q

The heart tube remains attached to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity by

A

the dorsal

mesocardium

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22
Q

Later, dorsal mesocardium disappears forming ————————–which connects both sides of the pericardial cavity

A

the transverse sinus of the pericardium

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23
Q

Formation of the Primitive 4 Chambered Heart: Single heart tube——

A

elongates.

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24
Q

It has 2 ends

A

caudal & cranial ends

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25
Q

• Bulges (dilatations) appear forming

A

4 chambers

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26
Q

Sinus venosus (RT & LT horns):

A

receives blood from veins

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27
Q

4 chambers are:

A

a) Sinus venosus (RT & LT horns) veins.
b) Primitive single atrium.
c) Primitive single ventricle.
d) Bulbus cordis

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28
Q

Bulbus cordis: it leads into

A

2 dorsal aortae.

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29
Q

Layers forming wall of heart :

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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30
Q

Endocardium develops from

A

the vascular endothelium

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31
Q

Myocardium develops from

A

the myoblasts

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32
Q

Epicardium develops from

A

the mesothelial cells migrating from

the sinus venosus

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33
Q

—————-separates the endocardium from the myocardium

A

Layer of extracellular matrix ( Cardiac jelly)

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34
Q

Causes: continuous elongation
cell shape
different rates of growth in the

A

of the heart tube
changes
heart tube

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35
Q

The cephalic portion of heart tube bends

A

ventrally, caudally and to right

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36
Q

The caudal part

A

shifts dorso-cranially and to the left

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37
Q

When Cardiac looping star to form ?

A

starts by day 23 & ends by day 28

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38
Q

—– shaped then ——shaped tube is formed

A

u then s

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39
Q

Narrow atrioventricular canal connects the primitive

A

atrium & ventricle

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40
Q

Bulboventricular sulcus (between

A

the bulbus cordis & the ventricle

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41
Q

Proximal 1/3 of bulbus cordis give

A

trabeculated part (Rough part) of right ventricle.

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42
Q

middle part of bulbus cordis is called

A

Conus cordis

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43
Q

Middle 1/3 of bulbus cordis (conus cordis ) give

A

outflow tracts of both ventricles (aortic vestibule &pulmonary infundibulum

44
Q

Distal 1/3 of bulbus cordis is called

A

truncus arteriosuis

45
Q

Distal 1/3 truncus arteriosus of bulbus cordis give

A

the roots and the proximal part of the aorta and

pulmonary trunk.

46
Q

junction between the

ventricle and bulbous cordis give

A

primitive interventricular foramen internally and sulcus

externally

47
Q

Trabeculated Primitive ventricle will give

A

Primitive left ventricle

48
Q

Trabeculea are formed ——– & ———– to the primary interventricular
foramen

A

proximal - distal

49
Q

Trabeculated proximal 1/3 of bulbus

cordis

A

Primitive right ventricle

50
Q

The sinus venosus is cavity receiving venous
blood from RT & LT horns, each horn receives
3 main veins:

A
  1. Common cardinal vein (CCV) from body of
    the embryo.
  2. Umbilical vein (UV) from the placenta.
  3. Vitelline vein (VIT) from the yolk sac.
51
Q

Umbilical vein (UV) from the placenta carry ——–blood

A

oxygenated

52
Q

Blood shunt from—— to —— resulting in

A

left to right

53
Q

Most of the veins of the Lt Horn are

A

obliterated

54
Q

The—– horn of sinus venosus becomes very small after obliteration

A

left

55
Q

The right sinus horn ——–after obliteration of left horn

A

enlarges

56
Q

The sino-atrial opening shifts to the—— and opens

into the future ——- atrium

A

right - right

57
Q

The veins of the LT horn obliterates except for —–
part of the ——–vein that persists to carry
oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

A

distal - left umbilical

58
Q

remains of the left sinus

horn give

A

1.the oblique vein of left
atrium
2.the coronary sinus.

59
Q

body & right sinus horn

A

smooth part of Rt. atrium

60
Q

right common cardinal vein give

A

SVC

61
Q

right vitelline vein

A

IVC

62
Q

The entrance of sinus venosus is guarded by —–

A

valves (right & left)

63
Q

valves fuse cranially to form the

A

septum spurium

64
Q

• Left venous valve + the septum spurium fuse with the

A

inter-atrial septum

65
Q

Right venous valve the superior part ———inferior part gives ———

A

disappears - inferior part gives the valves of IVC and coronary sinus

66
Q

a line demarcating the smooth and the rough parts of the right atrium.

A

The crista terminalis

67
Q

body & right sinus horn give

A

smooth part of the right atrium

68
Q

absorbed parts of pulmonary veins give

A

smooth posterior part of left atrium

69
Q

common atrium gives ——————-and————

A

trabeculated part of the Rt. Atrium

trabeculated part of the Lt. Atrium( Left auricle )

70
Q

Formation of Cardiac septa

In… 4 things

A
  • Atrio ventricular canal
  • Common atria
  • Common ventricle
  • Truncus arteriorsus
  • Bulbus cordis
71
Q

The septa of the heart are formed at end of the ——– week

A

the 4th week of development.

72
Q

• There are two main methods of cardiac septa formation :

A
  1. Growth of two active growing opposing masses until they fuse and divide the lumen.
  2. Narrow strip of the wall fail to grow while areas on each side of it expand rapidly.
73
Q

Two superior and inferior A-V endocardial cushions appear at

A

t the borders of the A-V

canal.

74
Q

Two right and left A-V endocardial cushions appear

A

on borders of the canal

75
Q

The superior and inferior cushions project into the——— and ——resulting in a
complete division of the canal into right and left orifices

A

lumen - fuse

76
Q

a sickle shaped crest grows from the roof of the common

atrium into the lumen

A

Formation of septum primum

77
Q

The —– limbs of this septum extend into the direction of the ——— in the A-V
canal.

A

2 - endocardial cushions

78
Q

The opening between the lower limbs of the septum primum and the
endocardial cushions.

A

Ostium primum

79
Q

Before complete closure, perforations appear in the septum primum and the ————- is form when perforations fuse together.

A

Ostuim secundum

80
Q

This ensures free blood flow from —– to —– primitive atrium

A

right - left

81
Q

: A new crescent-shaped fold
from above down on the right side of the septum
primum

A

Septum secundum

82
Q

When the left venous valve and septum spurium

fuse with the right side of septum secundum, the

A

free concave edge of the septum secundum begin

to overlap the ostium secundum.

83
Q

is The opening left by the septum

secundum

A

oval foramen

84
Q

the remaining part of

septum primum after it mostly disappears.

A

valve of oval foramen

85
Q

———— is formed by edge of the

septum secundum

A

limbus fossa ovalis

86
Q

——–is formed by septum

primum

A

floor of fossa ovale

87
Q

After birth…4 things

A

-Pulmonary circulation starts
-The pressure in the left atrium increases
-It presses the valve of foramen oval against
-the septum secundum leading to closure of
foramen oval.
-fossa ovalis is formed

88
Q

The interventricular (IV)septum has two main parts———————–and———–

A

muscular & membranous.

89
Q

the medial walls of the expanding ventricles are apposed, merge and , this is the formation of —————

A

the muscular IV septum

90
Q

The space between the free rim of the muscular ventricular septum
and the fused endocardial cushions.

A

• Interventricular foramen

91
Q

Develops from the fusion between:
..inferior endocardial cushion
..conus septum.
..muscular IV septum

A

Membranous part of IV septum

92
Q

Two opposing ridges appear in the ————–

Rt. Superior truncus swelling and Lt. inferior truncus swellings.

A

truncus arteriosus

93
Q

on right dorsal and left ventral walls. Grow towards each other distally and fuse
with truncus septum
Neural crest cells migrate into truncal and conal swellings
• The swelling merge, fuse, twist around each other spirally.

A

Two swellings appear in the conus cordis

94
Q

Division of the Truncus arteriosus results in

A

An aortic and pulmonary channels are formed.

95
Q

Division of the conus results in

A

anterolateral outflow tract of right ventricle
(Infundibulum of pulmonary trunk)
postero-medial outflow tract of left ventricle (Aortic
Vestibule).

96
Q

Fusion of the endocardial cushions forms the ———-

A

Atrio-ventricular Valves

97
Q

•in av valve formation Each A-V orifice is surrounded by

A

local mesenchymal proliferations

98
Q

• Blood stream thins & hollows out that from ——

But remain attached to the ventricular wall by

A

their ventricular surface-muscular cords

99
Q

The muscular tissue in the cords degenerates and is replaced———–They are connected by the trabeculae in the wall of the ventricle————- by
means of

A

dense connective tissue- papillary muscles-chordae tendinae

100
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve have——leaflet

A

2

101
Q

the tricuspid valve has——- leaflets.

A

3

102
Q

The ——- appear as small tubercles of mesenchyme at the root of ———————————

A

semilunar valves-ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk.

103
Q

• The —— surface is hollowed to form the valves (cusps).

A

upper

104
Q

• Each valve (cusp) is formed of layer of ——– covered on both
surfaces by ——————–

A

connective tissue-endocardium (endothelial cells).

105
Q

Smooth part of ventricles comes from

A

Middle 1/3 of bulbus cords

Embryology (3 decks)

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