Heart, Blood Vessles And Blood Flashcards
What is the role of the heart?
To pump blood around the body so the blood can transport substances like oxygen and glucose, and remove waste products like carbon dioxide.
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood out of the heart?
The pulmonary artery.
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?
The vena cava.
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart?
The pulmonary vein.
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood out of the heart?
The aorta.
What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle?
The tricuspid valve.
What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
The bicuspid valve.
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?
It needs to pump blood to the entire body, and the blood exerts a higher pressure.
Process of blood circulating (from blood in pulmonary vein)
- Oxygenated blood enters left atrium when muscular walls are relaxed.
- Atrium walls contract, forcing blood into left ventricle.
- Left ventricle walls contract, volume in atrium decreases, creating high pressure, blood forced upwards.
- Bicuspid valve closes and semilunar valve opens.
- Blood goes to aorta, takes blood to body.
- Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through vena cava.
- Walls contract and open tricuspid valve, so blood flows to right ventricle.
- Right ventricle walls contract, and closes tricuspid valve, opens semilunar valve.
- Blood flows out of right ventricle into pulmonary artery, taken to lungs to re-oxygenate.
What do red blood cells do?
They contain haemoglobin which binds with oxygen to make oxyhaemoglobin, which are taken to all cells in the body.
What do white blood cells do?
Phagocytes protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles.
Lymphocytes eliminate antigens by producing an antibody against that specific antigen.
What do platelets do?
They clump together to cause blood clotting to prevent excess bleeding.
What does plasma do?
It carries carbon dioxide, hormones and waste.
What percentage of blood are plasma, white blood cells + platelets, and red blood cells?
Plasma - 55%
White Blood Cells + Platelets - <1%
Red Blood Cells - 45%
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood being pumped by the heart per minute.
OR
cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rate
