Cells And Cell Transport

Question 1

What are the features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

They are big cells, with a nucleus, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA in the nucleus, and cell membrane and sometimes a cell wall.

Question 2

What are the features of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

They are smaller cells, with no nucleus, with ribosomes, with free floating chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA, and cell membrane and a cell wall.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

It is the organelle that contains DNA, and controls the cell’s activities.

Question 4

What is the function of a mitochondrion?

Answer 4

Where aerobic respiration occurs.

Question 5

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 5

The site of the second stage of protein synthesis.

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 6

Made of cellulose to support the cell and let it keep its shape.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

Separates the contents of the cell and its surroundings, and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 8

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 8

The organelle that contains chlorophyll.

Question 9

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Many chemical reactions, like anaerobic respiration take place here. It contains organelles.

Question 10

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 10

Filled with cell sap (mainly water and ions) which helps to support the plant by keeping the cell rigid

Question 11

What is the function of the plasmid DNA?

Answer 11

Contains some genetic material in a small loop.

Question 12

What is the function of chromosomal DNA?

Answer 12

Contains most of the genetic material in giant strands.

Question 13

What is the function of the flagella?

Answer 13

For movement of the cell.

Question 14

What is the function of pili?

Answer 14

For cell to cell attachment.

Question 15

How are neurones adapted to their function?

Answer 15

Long and thin, have dandrites at each end to join other neurones.

Question 16

How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function?

Answer 16

Long and thin, with lots of chloroplasts for absorbing the Sun’s energy.

Question 17

How are root hair cells adapted to their functions?

Answer 17

Large surface area with long extension, that absorbs water and mineral irons.

Question 18

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

Answer 18

Streamlined head and long flagella to help cell swim, lots of mitochondria to transfer energy.

Question 19

How are ovum adapted to their function?

Answer 19

Contains lots of nutrients and jelly coating for devolving haploid.

Question 20

How are phagocytes adapted to their function?

Answer 20

Has a flexible cell membrane to engulf pathogens, has lobed nucleus.

Question 21

How are erythrocytes adapted to their function?

Answer 21

Has biconcave shape for a bigger surface area, and contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body.

Question 22

How is a B lymphocyte cell adapted to its function?

Answer 22

Has a large nucleus that contains contains the copy for production of antibodies.

Question 23

What is diffusion?

Answer 23

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are spread out evenly.

Question 24

What is osmosis?

Answer 24

The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 25

What is active transport?

Answer 25

The movement of particles from a low to high concentration against a concentration gradient. This requires energy in the form of ATP.

Question 26

What is the effect of concentration on diffusion?

Answer 26

The more concentrated the liquid, the more diffusion will occur, as there are more particles to move quicker.

Question 27

What is the effect of concentration on osmosis?

Answer 27

The lower concentration will cause water to move into cells, and the higher will cause water to move out of cells by osmosis.