Cells And Cell Transport Flashcards
What are the features of eukaryotic cells?
They are big cells, with a nucleus, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA in the nucleus, and cell membrane and sometimes a cell wall.
What are the features of prokaryotic cells?
They are smaller cells, with no nucleus, with ribosomes, with free floating chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA, and cell membrane and a cell wall.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It is the organelle that contains DNA, and controls the cell’s activities.
What is the function of a mitochondrion?
Where aerobic respiration occurs.
What is the function of a ribosome?
The site of the second stage of protein synthesis.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Made of cellulose to support the cell and let it keep its shape.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Separates the contents of the cell and its surroundings, and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
The organelle that contains chlorophyll.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Many chemical reactions, like anaerobic respiration take place here. It contains organelles.
What is the function of the vacuole?
Filled with cell sap (mainly water and ions) which helps to support the plant by keeping the cell rigid
What is the function of the plasmid DNA?
Contains some genetic material in a small loop.
What is the function of chromosomal DNA?
Contains most of the genetic material in giant strands.
What is the function of the flagella?
For movement of the cell.
What is the function of pili?
For cell to cell attachment.
How are neurones adapted to their function?
Long and thin, have dandrites at each end to join other neurones.
How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function?
Long and thin, with lots of chloroplasts for absorbing the Sun’s energy.
How are root hair cells adapted to their functions?
Large surface area with long extension, that absorbs water and mineral irons.
How are sperm cells adapted to their function?
Streamlined head and long flagella to help cell swim, lots of mitochondria to transfer energy.
How are ovum adapted to their function?
Contains lots of nutrients and jelly coating for devolving haploid.
How are phagocytes adapted to their function?
Has a flexible cell membrane to engulf pathogens, has lobed nucleus.
How are erythrocytes adapted to their function?
Has biconcave shape for a bigger surface area, and contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body.
How is a B lymphocyte cell adapted to its function?
Has a large nucleus that contains contains the copy for production of antibodies.
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are spread out evenly.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
What is active transport?
The movement of particles from a low to high concentration against a concentration gradient. This requires energy in the form of ATP.
What is the effect of concentration on diffusion?
The more concentrated the liquid, the more diffusion will occur, as there are more particles to move quicker.
What is the effect of concentration on osmosis?
The lower concentration will cause water to move into cells, and the higher will cause water to move out of cells by osmosis.
