Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals Block 3 > Heart and Thorax Innervation > Flashcards

Heart and Thorax Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

transport blood away from the heart

A

arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transport blood toward the heart

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connect the arteries and veins & are where oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged within the tissues

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sternopericardial ligaments

A

attach the pericardium to the posterior surface of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pericardiacophrenic ligaments

A

attach the pericardium to the central tendon of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what attachments help to retain the heart in its position in the thoracic cavity?

A

sternopericardial and pericardiacophrenic ligaments?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the functions of the fibrous pericardium?

A

-protection
-stabilizes and limits cardiac distension
-prevents heart from overdilating and over filling with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

potential space between the layers of serous pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

at what point does the pulmonary trunk divide into the right and left pulmonary arteries

A

at the level of the intervertebral disc between thoracic vertebrae 5 and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which division of the aorta lies in the superior mediastinum?

A

the arch of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the right and left pulmonary arteries carry?

A

originate from the pulmonary trunk and carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many pulmonary veins are their and what do they carry?

A

4 total- 2 on each side
-they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the upper limit of the heart reach

A

as high as the third costal cartilage on the right side of the sternum and the second intercostal space on the left side of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the right margin of the heart extends from…

A

the right third costal cartilage to near the right sixth costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the left margin of the heart…

A

descends laterally from the second intercostal space to the apex located near the midclavicular line in the 5th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the lower margin of the heart extends from ….

A

the sternal end of the right sixth costal cartilage to the apex in the fifth intercostal space near the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a thickened area of connective tissue between the aortic ring and right atrioventricular ring

A

right fibrous trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a thickened area of connective tissue between the aortic ring and the left atrioventricular ring

A

left fibrous trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

circles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is found in the coronary sulcus?

A

right coronary artery
small cardiac vein
coronary sinus
circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

consists of three semilunar cusps with free edges projecting upward into the lumen of the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

forms most of the base or posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which chamber of the heart has the thickest layer of myocardium?

A

left ventricle

24
Q

the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta is closed by the ___________________

A

aortic valve

25
Q

what valves do you listen to for heart sounds with a stethoscope?

A

tricuspid
mitral
pulmonary
aortic

26
Q

heart sound is heard to the left of the lower part of the sternum near the 5th intercostal space

A

tricuspid valve

27
Q

heart sound is heard over the apex of heart in the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line

A

mitral valve

28
Q

heart sound is heard over the medial end of the left second intercostal space

A

pulmonary valve

29
Q

heart sound is heard over the medial end of the right second intercostal space

A

aortic valve

30
Q

a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from accumulation of fluid in the intrapericardial space, leading to compromised diastolic filling and cardiac output

A

cardiac tamponade

31
Q

what is the first line treatment of confirmed cardiac tamponade

A

pericardiocentesis

31
Q

artery that descends vertically between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

right coronary artery

32
Q

where does the sinu-atrial nodal branch of the right coronary artery run?

A

in the groove between the right auricle and ascending aorta

33
Q

where would the right marginal branch of the coronary artery be found?

A

the inferior margin of the heart and continues along the border toward the apex of the heart

34
Q

as the right coronary artery continues on the diaphragmatic surface, it supplies a small branch to the atrioventricular node before giving off the _________________________ branch.

A

posterior interventricular branch

35
Q

where does the left coronary artery pass through before entering the coronary sulcus?

A

between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle

36
Q

where is the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery found?

A

it descends obliquely toward the apex of the heart in the anterior interventricular sulcus

37
Q

what branch of the left coronary artery courses toward the left, in the coronary sulcus and onto the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

38
Q

how would you determine if a heart is right dominant?

A

if the posterior interventricular branch arises from the right coronary artery

39
Q

how would you determine if a heart is left dominant?

A

the posterior interventricular branch arises from an enlarged circumflex branch

40
Q

where is the sinus (sinoatrial) node located?

A

between the superior vena cava and right atrium

41
Q

why is the sinoatrial node called the natural pacemaker of the heart?

A

it generates impulses automatically by spontaneous depolarization of its membrane at a rate quicker than any other cardiac cell type

42
Q

what are the 4 basic components of the conduction system that coordinates contraction of the atrial and ventricular muscles?

A

-sinoatrial node
-atrioventricular node
-atrioventricular bundle with its right and left bundle branches
-subendocardial plexus of conduction cells (Purkinje fibers)

43
Q

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system regulates….

A

heart rate, force of each contraction, and cardiac output

44
Q

stimulation of the parasympathetic system….

A

decreases heart rate, reduces force of contraction, and constricts the coronary arteries

45
Q

stimulation of the sympathetic system…

A

increases heart rate and increases the force of contraction

46
Q

senses alterations in blood pressure and blood chemistry and are therefore primarily concerned with cardiac reflexes

A

afferents associated with the vagal cardiac nerves

47
Q

defined as a PR interval exceeding 0.2 sec with preserved 1:1 AV conduction relationship

A

first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block

48
Q

characterized by a failure of one or more, but not all, atrial impulses to conduct the ventricles. sinus rate will continue at regular intervals

A

second-degree atrioventricular heart block

49
Q

the absence of electrical impulse transmission from the atria to the ventricles when AV junction is not physiologically refractory, due to a functional or anatomical impairment of the conduction system, resulting in a bradycardia characterized by AV dissociation

A

complete heart block (CHB)

50
Q

the sinus node and the AV node are supplied by the ____________ in about 60-90% of people

A

right coronary artery

51
Q

disease in the right coronary artery can cause?

A

sinus bradycardia and AV nodal block

52
Q

Sinus arrhythmia description

A

variable QRS cycle lengths without change in the P wave-QRS relationship

53
Q

describe normal sinus rhythm with sinus arrhythmia:

A

the P-P intervals vary by >0.16 sec

54
Q

caused by obstructive coronary atherosclerotic plaque which results in myocardial oxygen demand-supply mismatch

A

stable coronary heart disease

55
Q

what is the gold standard to definitively diagnose stable coronary heart disease

A

invasive coronary angiography

56
Q

how does a heart attack occur

A

when the perfusion to the myocardium is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue, leading to irreversible tissue damage
-usually a total occlusion of a major coronary artery

Fundamentals Block 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions