Heart and Pericardium

Question 1

Mediastinum

Answer 1

Medial space between the two lateral pleural cavities.

Question 2

Mediastinum boundaries

Answer 2

superior thoracic apeture
diaphragm
sternum + costal cartilage
bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 3

Types of pericardium

Answer 3

Fibrous
Serous
- parietal + visceral

Question 4

Pericardium histology

Answer 4

Thin layer of mesothelial cells

Dense fibrous tissue beneath

Question 5

Pericardial sinuses

Answer 5

Folding of the embryonic heart tube leads to folding of the serous pericardium
Transverse + Oblique

Question 6

Transverse sinus

Answer 6

behind the aorta + pulmonary trunk

used in cardiac surgery to islate aorta + pulmonary trunk = bypass

Question 7

Oblique sinus

Answer 7

behind left atrium + pulmonary veins
blind ended
= used for lifting heart up

Question 8

Pericardial effusions

Answer 8

Excess fluid pushes against fibrous pericardium + pressure is transmitted to heart
CO is reduced
Tamponade = life threatening

Question 9

Right side of heart

Answer 9

VC - RA -> Tricuspid valve -> RV -> Pulmonary Valve - Pulmonary Trunk

Question 10

Left side of heart

Answer 10

PV - LA -> Mitral valve -> LV -> Aortic valve - Aorta

Question 11

RA

Answer 11

Coronary sinus
SVC & IVC
Pectonate Muscles

Question 12

Tricuspid valve

Answer 12

Three cusps = anterior/posterior/septal
Papillary muscles - Chordae tendinae
= stops cusps prolapsing during RV systole

Question 13

RV

Answer 13

Most anterior part
Thin walled
Three papillary muscles

Question 14

Pulmonary valve

Answer 14

Three cusps = left right + anterior

Root of pulmonary trunk

Question 15

LA

Answer 15

4 pulmonary veins

Mitral valve accessed through LA during surgery

Question 16

Mitral valve

Answer 16

Left atrioventricular orifice
2 cusps
Chordae tendinae + papillary muscles

Question 17

LV

Answer 17

Papillary muscles

Thick walled

Question 18

Aortic valve

Answer 18

three cusps - left coronary + right coronary + non coronary
no chordae tendinae
aortic root

Question 19

Lub

Answer 19

Blood is transferred from A to V

Closure of mitral + tricuspid valves

Question 20

Arterial supply to heart

Answer 20

coronary arteries - origin = aorta

Question 21

Venous drainage of heart

Answer 21

Cardiac veins - drain into coronary sinus - opens into RA

Question 22

Fibrous skeleton of heart

Answer 22

Dense collagen framework
Forms rings surrounding the orifices of valves + membranous parts of interatrial + interventricular septae
Keeps orifices patent - prevents over expansion
Provides attatchement for valves to myocardium
Electrically insulates atrai from ventricles = contract independently