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Trunk and Abdomen > Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

Heart and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous membrane w/in mid mediastinum, covers heart & great vessels

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2
Q

Layers of the Pericardium

A

Fibrous & Serous

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3
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Space btwn parietal & visceral layers w/ fluid for less friction

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4
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Dense, outer layer

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5
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Inner layer(s)
Outer Parietal - lines inner surface of fibrous
Inner Visceral (epicardium) - continuous with outer surface of heart

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6
Q

Pericardial Sinus

A

Transverse Sinus - Post aortic arch & pulmonary trunk and ant SVC

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7
Q

Heart - Layers

A

Endocardium & Myocardium

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost, lines chambers

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9
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick cardiac muscle tissue

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10
Q

Heart - Surfaces

A

Anterior - R ventricle
Diaphragmatic - L Ventricle
L Pulmonary - L ventricle
R Pulmonary - R atrium

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11
Q

Heart Chambers - R Atria

A

Receives venous blood from SVC, IVC & coronary sinus

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12
Q

Heart Chambers - R Ventricle

A

Receives blood from RA via Tricuspid valve; Sends to pulmonary trunk thru pulmonary valve

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13
Q

Ventricle Structures - Conus Arteriosus

A

Funnel from ventricle to valve

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14
Q

Ventricle Structures - Trabeculae Carne

A

Irregular muscle elevations inside the ventricle

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15
Q

Ventricle Structures - Supraventricular Crest

A

Separates conus from the rest of the cavity

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16
Q

Ventricle Structures - Chordae Tendinae

A

Extends from papillary muscles to valve cusps

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17
Q

Ventricle Structures - Papillary Muscles

A

Smoot muscle w/in ventricle that draw valves closed

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18
Q

Heart Chambers - L Atria

A

Receives blood from Pulmonary veins; goes to LV thru bicuspid valve

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19
Q

Heart Chambers - L Ventricle

A

Receives from LA via Bicuspid (mitral); goes out thru Aortic valve to Aorta; walls 2x thicker

20
Q

What do the valves in the heart do

A

Create 1-way flow (4 total, 2AV, 2SL)

21
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Mitral (bicuspid) - LA & LV, 2 leaflets
Tricuspid - RA & RV, 3 leaflets

22
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

Pulmonic - RV to pulmonary artery
Aortic - LV to aorta

23
Q

Heart Flow Pathway

A

Vena Cava - RA - RV - Pulmonary artery - lungs - Pulmonary veins - LA - LV - Aorta

24
Q

What is Blood Pressure

A

Pressure exerted on artery walls
Sys/Dia

25
Q

What is Systole

A

Ventricle contraction

26
Q

What is Diastole

A

Atrial contraction & ventricular filling

27
Q

Where would one listen for the Pulmonary Valve

A

L upper sternal border & L 2nd intercostal space

28
Q

Where would one listen for the Aortic Valve

A

R upper sternal border & R 2nd intercostal space

29
Q

Conduction System function

A

Transmit impulses for coordinated contractions

30
Q

Conduction System - Nodal Tissue

A

Initiates heart beat & coordinates chambers; SA, AV, Bundle of HIS

31
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

A

Located @ junction btwn SVC and RA, Pacemaker

32
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

A

Located @ interatrial septa, receives from SA & sends to HIS

33
Q

AV Bundle (Bundle of HIS)

A

Distributes to ventricles, branch to terminal Purkinje Fibers

34
Q

2 Pleural Layers

A

Visceral Pleura - covers lungs, no nerves
Parietal Pleura - lines pulmonary cavities, more superficial & substantial, has nerves

35
Q

Parietal Pleura - 4 Parts

A

Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic, Cervical

36
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Potential space btwn pleural layers w/ a layer of serous fluid, real if lungs collapse

37
Q

Lungs - Function

A

Oxygenate blood, expel CO2

38
Q

Lungs - Air Pathway

A

Inspiration - Trachea - Bronchi - Alveoli

39
Q

Lungs - Structure

A

R - 3 lobes, L - 2 lobes, Costal, Mediastinal, & Diaphragmatic surfaces

40
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree - Main Bronchi

A

R - Wider & shorter, more verticle
L - Inferior to aortic arch & anterior to esophagus

41
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree - Lobar Bronchi

A

R - 3, L - 2

42
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree - Segmental Bronchi

A

Divide into bronchopulmonary segments - largest subdivisions of lobes

43
Q

Final 2 segments of the Tree

A

Terminal Bronchioles & Alveolar Ducts

44
Q

Respiratory Process - Inspiration

A

Active, diaphragm contraction (down&out), ribs - up & out

45
Q

Respiratory Process - Expiration

A

Passive, diaphragm relax, intercostals relax

46
Q

Respiratory Process - Forced Expiration

A

Increase intraabdominal pressure to force out air

47
Q

Respiratory Process - Accessory Muscles

A

Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoid, Abdominal muscles, Intercostals

Trunk and Abdomen (4 decks)

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